Combination Bitter, Ginger, Turmeric Extract in Mice: Acute and Sub Acute Toxicity Analysis

Abstract

Herbal plants are widely used as traditional medicine for generations. Some of them are bitter, in Indonesian called Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata), red ginger in Indonesian called Jahe merah (Zingiber officinale var rubrum), and turmeric in Indonesian called Kunyit (Curcuma domestica). This study tested extracts containing a combination of three ingredients, hereinafter named 'SIJAKUN' extract (SambIloto, JAhe, KUNyit)”. This combination has good benefits for the body, especially as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. This study aims to measure the acute and subacute toxic effects of 'SIJAKUN' extract. This is a true experimental study. In the acute toxicity study, the SIJAKUN extract was given to 5 groups of mice a doses of 1000 mg/kg, 2,000 mg/kg, 3,000 mg/kg, 4,000 mg/kg, and 5,000 mg/kg. After being observed for 24 hours, the number of dead mice from each group was counted to calculate the LD50 of the 'SIJAKUN' extract. Whereas in subacute toxicity, 5 groups of mice were given 0.5 ml of CMCNa solution, 'SIJAKUN' extract at doses of 25 mg/kg, 75 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, and 25 mg/kg ibuprofen, the test substance was given orally once daily for 28 days. Then an examination was carried out: SGOT, SGPT, BUN, and serum creatinine. the results of subsequent examinations were analyzed statistically. To assess the safety of the SIJAKUN combination, it is necessary to conduct research to determine the acute and sub acut toxicity of SIJAKUN to the liver and kidneys. Based on the results of acut toxixity study conducted, no experimental animals died at one dose of 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 mg/kgbb ‘SIJAKUN’ extract. Based on these results, the LD50 of 'SIJAKUN' extract was above 5000 mg/kgbb. Therefore, it can be said that 'SIJAKUN' extract is a non-toxic compound. In the subacute toxicity study, examination result of SGOT, SGPT, BUN, and serum creatinin was not change significantly, with P value > 0.05. This result indicating no significant difference between the control group and the treatment group. It can be said that the sub-acute toxicity test found that 'SIJAKUN' extract did not toxic for liver and kidney. In acute and subacute toxicity studies that has been carried out, 'SIJAKUN' extract was classified as a non-toxic compound, so it is safe to use as herbal medicine. Keywords: SIJAKUN (bitter, ginger, turmeric), Acute and Sub Acute Toxicity, LD50.