AI in critical care: A narrative review of prospective applications and future potential in KSA’s health transformation 2030

Abstract

This narrative review explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) within critical care settings in KSA in alignment with the goals outlined in Saudi Vision 2030. As part of the Health Sector Transformation Program, the incorporation of AI technologies aims to enhance patient outcomes, optimize workflows, and improve the operational efficiency of intensive care units (ICUs). Key applications include automated clinical documentation, predictive analytics for early detection of clinical deterioration, and AI-assisted imaging techniques, such as chest X-ray and ultrasound interpretation. These innovations can support clinicians by reducing their administrative burden as well as enabling timely interventions, particularly in resource-constrained environments. In addition, AI-powered tele-ICU command centers are explored to extend critical care expertise to underserved regions and enhance equitable access to specialized care. This review was conducted using a structured narrative approach by synthesizing peerreviewed literature, national policy documents, and expert perspectives from ICU physicians in KSA, Canada, and other international settings.