Health literacy and post-vaccination COVID-19 prevention behavior in the community: a cross-sectional study in Indonesia

Abstract

Introduction: The government has made vaccination as the primary strategy to control the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the public still needs to implement COVID-19 prevention behavior even though they have been vaccinated. This study aimed to determine the correlation between health literacy and post-vaccination COVID-19 prevention behavior of the community in the work area of the Patrang Public Health Center, Jember Regency, Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional design was performed in the public health center in Jember Regency Indonesia, in May 2022. The sample in this study was 435 people selected by purposive sampling with the inclusion criteria of those aged >17 years old and receiving a total primary vaccination dose. The data were collected using the Health Literacy Survey Coronavirus Disease Questionnaire 22 (HLS-COVID-Q22) and the COVID-19 prevention behavior questionnaire. The data were analyzed by using Spearman test with a significance level of α<0.05. Results: The results showed that the most of health literacies were inadequate (n=188, 43.2%), and the post-vaccination COVID-19 prevention behavior was in the moderate category (n=186, 42.7%). There was a moderate correlation between health literacy and post-vaccination COVID-19 prevention behavior (p < 0.001; r = 0.513). Conclusions: The higher the health literacy, the better the post-vaccination COVID-19 prevention behavior. The nurse was important in providing health education about COVID-19 by paying attention to community health literacy ability. Improving health literacy is an important strategy to enhance COVID-19 prevention behavior and reduce coronavirus transmission.