Verbascum Thapsus (Mullein) Versatile Polarity Extracts: GC-MS Analysis, Phytochemical Profiling, Anti-bacterial Potential and Anti-oxidant Activity

Abstract

Verbascum thapsus is naturally grown in the Himalayas and widely used in herbal teas and traditional herbal medicine for its anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study was designed to majority of leaf extracts from Verbascum thapsus. All extracts were analysed for phytochemical properties, antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial potential against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Biochemical investigations and GC-MS analysis was used for identifying phytochemicals. DPPH assay, Kirby’s Disc Diffusion method (KDM), 96 well test, and Resazurin test were performed for antioxidant and antimicrobial investigation. Results indicate that verbascum thapsus grown in Pakistan is rich in alkaloids and phenols. Noteworthy antibacterial activity was observed against S. sonnei, L. lactis, B. subtilis, C. freundii, K. oxytoca, L. monocytogenes, and S. enterica. GCMS analyses of V. thapsus extracts revealed the presence of medically important bio compounds including Hexadecanoic acid, methyl es and Stigmasterol (antibacterial activity), 2(5H)-Furanone (appetite suppressant), 3-Hydroxy-.beta.-damascone (anti-inflammatory properties), Squalene (antiaging, anti-inflammatory, anti-acne, eczema), Vitamin E and 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol (antioxidants). Antioxidant radical scavenging activity was determined from acetone extract of V. thapsus. This study concludes remarkable antibacterial and antioxidant potential in Verbascum Thapsus leaf extracts. Key words: Verbascum Thapsus; GC/GC-MS; plant biotechnology, Microbiology