Mechanism of the Bioactive Sargassum cristaefolium in Inhibiting Inflammatory Mediators in a Nitroglycerin-Induced Migraine Model in Rats

Abstract

Background: Migraine headaches are a form of sterile neurogenic inflammation. The sterile inflammatory process of the trigeminal nerve releases the vasoactive neuropeptide CGRP which stimulates the release of inflammatory mediators. In the incidence of migraine there is an increase in TNF-α and IL-10. Sargassum cristaefolium ethanol extract contains flavonoids, alkaloids, triterpenoids, steroids, and tannins, which has analgesic and anti-inflammatory function. Method: Sargassum cristaefolium was extracted using maceration method with 70% ethanol as solvent. Animal models were divided into 5 groups and given NTG induction 5 times with 1 day intervals, treated for 3 weeks. All data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 26.0. Results: Sargassum cristaefolium ethanol extract - CGRP levels β: -0.26, p: 0.17; Sargassum cristaefolium ethanol extract - CGRP expression β: -0.04, p: 0.85; Sargassum cristaefolium ethanol extract - TNF-α levels β: -0.63, p: 0.01; Sargassum cristaefolium ethanol extract - TNF-α expression β: -0.40, p: 0.04; Sargassum cristaefolium ethanol extract - IL-10 levels β: 0.77, p: 0.00; Sargassum cristaefolium ethanol extract - IL-10 expression β: 0.45, p: 0.01. Conclusions: A significant path between the administration of Sargassum cristaefolium ethanol extract and a decrease in TNF-α and an increase in IL-10. But the effect of giving Sargassum cristaefolium ethanol extract on CGRP levels did not have a significant relationship. Key words: Inflammatory mediator, Migraine, Nitroglycerin, Sargassum cristaefolium