Anti-hyperlipidemic effect of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) peel extract in dyslipidemia-induced rats

Abstract

Dyslipidemia is due to an increase in blood lipid levels, which include cholesterol (CHOL), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Since oxidative stress is the primary factor of dyslipidemia, it is strongly recommended that an antioxidant-based therapy be developed. Mangosteen is an antioxidant agent that exhibits free radical scavenging attributes and oxidation of low-density lipoprotein oxidatio’s protection. This study focused on determining the anti-hyperlipidemic and antioxidant effects of mangosteen peel extract (MPE) in dyslipidemia rats. Lipid profile: CHOL, TG, LDL, High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of dyslipidemia rats were assessed. High cholesterol was delivered to the rats for 4 weeks to induce dyslipidemia. The high cholesterol administration was stopped after rats encountered dyslipidemia. Subsequently, rats were given MPE 1000; 500; 250 mg/kg body weight (BW) daily for 14 days (initial treatment) and 28 days (subsequent treatment), normal control (normal feed), and negative control (dyslipidemia rats). Hematoxylin Eosin staining was used to observe the histology of liver and vascular endothelial tissue. After 28 days of treatment, the CHOL, TG, and LDL were critically declined by 1000 mg/kg MPE. MDA plasma level showed a decrease in all treatments. Mangosteen peel extract improved histological structure by reducing lipid accumulation in the hepatocyte cytoplasm. In conclusion, MPE showed anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant activity in dyslipidemia-induced rats.