Liposome Preparation of Tekelan Leaf (Chromolaenaodorata L.) Extract: Manufacturing and Evaluation

Abstract

Background: Liposomes are biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-immunogenic due to their phospholipid composition which is similar to cell membranes. Active chemicals that are contained in liposomes preparation has a goal in improving solubility, minimizing adverse effects, extending release, protecting drugs, targeting drugs, and increasing efficacy. Objective: The purpose of this study was to formulate the ethanol extract of tekelan leaves into liposome preparations and to determine differences in particle size, polydispersity index (PI) and stability. Materials and Methods: This research begins with making extract by maceration. The extract formed was then formulated into liposome preparations with the composition of F1 (30 mmol), F2 (40 mmol) and F3 (50 mmol) ingredients. The formulation was carried out by thin layer hydration with variations in sonication time of 10 minutes, 20 minutes and 30 minutes. Evaluation of liposomes was carried out organoleptically, testing pH, particle size, polydispersity index (PI), and physical stability at room temperature. Data analysis was carried out statistically using SPSS 20.0 One Way ANOVA method to see if there were differences in each group. The average pH test results of the three formulations were 6.2±0.3. The particle size results in the 30th minutes obtained particle sizes of F1 (293.63±1.6 nm), F2 (201.9±1.5 nm) and F3 (143.17±0.6 nm). Results: The results of the polydispersion index (PI) were F1 (0.307±0.03), F2 (0.275±0.06) and F3 (0.229±0.02). The results of the observation of room temperature stability obtained that the organoleptic results formed two layers, namely a clear layer and a cloudy layer. In the One-Way ANOVA test, a significance value of p>0.05 (0.068) was obtained. Conclusion: Liposomes produced from ethanol extract of tekelan leaves are stable when stored at low temperatures (4±0.5oC) with an organoleptic state of odorless, dark green color and thick consistency. Key words: Liposomes, Tekelan, pH, Stability, Particle size.