Effects of restraint stress and surface treatments on the stability of titanium dental implant osseointegration in dogs: An in vivo comparative study

Abstract

Objectives: This study was aimed at assessing the effects of restraint stress and sandblasting; sandblasting with acid etching; Er-Cr: YSGG laser treatment; and propolis coating of implant surfaces on the implant stability quotient (ISQ) of grade 4 titanium dental implant osseointegration in model dogs. Methods: A total of forty-eight CPTi dental implants were divided into four groups according to surface treatment: group A: sandblasting with acid etching; group B: sandblasting with Al2O3; group C: Er-Cr: YSGG laser; and group D: propolis coating. Sixteen male dogs of local breed,1 1.5 years of age, weighing 22 +- 3 kg, were divided into two main groups (n-8 dogs each): a non-stressed group (group I) and stressed group (group II). Each of these groups is further divided into four implant groups per surface treatment, A, B, C, and D (two dogs per implant group), each dog has three implants. The ISQ was tested at 0 (baseline), 14, and 90 days with a noninvasive EasyCheck device. Serum cortisol in the stressed and non-stressed groups was analyzed at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 days with a canine cortisol ELISA kit. The data were statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test at a 0.05 level of significance. Results: For implant stability quotient (ISQ), sandblasting in the non-stressed (group I) had the highest mean value (88.0) at 90 days, whereas sandblasting with acid etching at 14 days had the lowest mean value (82.6). Sandblasting in the stressed (group II) had the highest mean value (88.3) at 90 days, whereas the laser surface treatment had the lowest mean value (72.00) at 14 days. Serum cortisol (ng/ml) at 90 days (143.10 and 195.33 for non-stressed and stressed groups respectively), was significantly higher than other time intervals (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The ISQ was dependent on surface treatment, and was higher with sandblasting than the other treatments in the stressed and non-stressed groups at 90 days. For all surface-treated implants, the stressed group had significantly higher serum cortisol levels than the non-stressed group.