The synthetic cannabinoid 5-fluoro ABICA upregulates angiogenic markers and stimulates tube formation in human brain microvascular endothelial cells

Abstract

Objective: Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs), a class of psychoactive compounds emulating the effects of natural cannabis, have prompted addiction and psychosis concerns. However, recent research has suggested potential pharmacological applications, particularly in brain angiogenesisdan essential physiological process for growth, repair, and tissue maintenance, in which new blood vasculature is formed from existing vasculature. This study explored the in vitro ability of the SC 5-fluoro ABICA to enhance new blood formation processes in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs). Methods: HBMECs were treated with various concentrations of 5-fluoro ABICA (1 mM, 0.1 mM, 0.01 mM, 0.001 mM, and 0.0001 mM). A comprehensive analysis was conducted, including MTT assays indicating cell viability, wound healing assays indicating migration ability, and tube formation assays indicating the angiogenesis potential of endothelial cells. Additionally, mRNA expression and protein levels of specific proangiogenic factors were measured, and the phosphorylation levels of glycogen synthase kinase-3b were detected in treated HBMECs through ELISA, real-time PCR, and western blotting. Results: Treatment with 5-fluoro ABICA effectively stimulated proliferation, migration, and tube formation in HBMECs in a dose-dependent manner; markedly increased the expression of pro-angiogenic factors; and upregulated levels of phosphorylated-GSK-3b. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that 5-fluoro ABICA stimulates angiogenesis in endothelial cells, thus potentially offering therapeutic options for diseases associated with angiogenesis. However, further research is needed to fully understand the molecular mechanism of 5-fluoro ABICA in angiogenesis, including ethical considerations regarding its use in medical research.