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dc.contributor.authorElanbya, May O. Gamar-
dc.contributor.authorRamadan, AbdelRahman M.-
dc.date.accessioned2024-11-11T03:48:54Z-
dc.date.available2024-11-11T03:48:54Z-
dc.date.issued2023-
dc.identifier.issn1658-3612-
dc.identifier.urihttp://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7747-
dc.description.abstractObjectives: This research aimed to determine the fluoride levels in commercially available bottled waters and assess the accuracy of the fluoride levels labels on the bottles. Methods: We obtained the labels from 28 water bottles from markets in Almadinah Almunawwarah. Water samples were diluted with an equal volume of total ionic strength adjustment buffer at the General Administration for Water Services. The electrode potential of each sample was then directly compared to standard fluoride solutions. For each sample, two readings were taken, and the average was recorded. Fluoride-ion levels were determined using a fluoride-ion-selective electrode and a digital readout ion meter. Results: On average, the mean fluoride levels in the labelled bottles were 0.94 0.14 PPM. The level of the actual fluoride content was 1.13 0.31 PPM. Inconsistencies between the brand labels and true levels of fluoride were detected. Only one brand of bottled water was comparable in terms of the fluoride levels on the labels and the analysed fluoride levels. Only 85.71% of the brands tested had fluoride levels within the permissible fluoride range (0.6e1.5 PPM), 10.71% had fluoride levels above the permissible fluoride range, and 3.57% had fluoride levels below the permissible fluoride range. Conclusions: In the KSA, most brands of bottled waters had fluoride levels above the ideal levels that are vital to the prevention of dental caries. There were differences in the fluoride levels recorded on the labels and the true levels determined in the laboratory. Fluoride levels must be accurately reported if we are to achieve necessary aesthetic and cosmetic benefits. Bottled water must meet critical quality standards to avoid the negative consequences of higher fluoride levels. Dentists and parents should be aware of this discrepancy.en_US
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherJournal of Taibah University Medical Sciencesen_US
dc.relation.ispartofseriesOriginal Article;1500-1506-
dc.subjectAlmadinah Almunawwarahen_US
dc.subjectBottled wateren_US
dc.subjectFluorideen_US
dc.subjectFluorosisen_US
dc.subjectKSAen_US
dc.titleFluoride levels in Almadinah Almunawwarah bottled wateren_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
Appears in Collections:Vol 18 No 6 (2023)

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