Reinstating apoptosis using putative Bcl-xL natural product inhibitors: Molecular docking and ADMETox profiling investigations

Abstract

Objectives: While a fine balance in the pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic family members of the B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) protein family represents a normal signaling profile, a tilt in balance towards anti-apoptotic family members has fortified different forms of cancers with survival advantage and resistance against treatment. Induction of apoptosis is a key therapeutic approach in cancer drug discovery, and the inhibition of the antiapoptotic B cell lymphoma extra-large (Bcl-xL) is a longstanding clinical target for cancer therapy. In this study, we combined computer-aided approaches to report putative binders for this target. Methods: Before our virtual screening campaign, we conducted a redocking experiment strategy of the x-ray bound inhibitor of the Bcl-xL protein with some of the available docking software at our disposal to determine the software with the best efficiency for this screening. iGEMDOCK emerged to reproduce the x-ray crystallographic information and was used to dock the library of ligand, which was developed from diverse literature reporting compounds with anti-apoptotic profiles through the Bcl-2 family. Results: Of the compounds in the library, alpha-mangostin and oubain scored as hits with binding energy values of 123.025 kcal/mol and 122.271 kcal/mol, respectively, which is more than 120.8 kcal/mol observed by the standard. Conclusions: These compounds revealed a more binding affinity potential than ABT-737, which is a standard inhibitor of the protein. In addition, these scaffolds not only interact with relevant and hotspot residues for the inhibition of Bcl-xL but also possess good pharmacokinetic and excellent toxicity, an endpoint that should be considered for further testing and drug development.