Calcium Decay Ability of Various Kirinyuh Leaf Extracts (Chromolaena odorata L.) on Kidney Stones

Abstract

Abstract Background: Kidney stones are one of the causes of chronic and acute kidney failure symptoms. The flavonoid compounds in Chromolaena odorata leave extract are thought to dissolve calcium in kidney stones. Objective: This study aims to determine the activity of C. odorata leaves extract as a dissolution agent for calcium kidney stones and to characterize the active extract with a liquid chromatograph mass spectrometry. Methods: The leaves of C. odorata were extracted by ultrasonication method using 3 solvents in stages, namely n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The powder for kidney stones was immersed in an extract solution of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol for 5 hours at 37°C. The reaction results were analyzed for their absorbance using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The fraction with the best activity was analyzed for phytochemical content with various typical reagents and LCMS/MS. Results: Methanol extract of C. odorata with a concentration of 10,000 g/mL can reduce calcium in kidney stones by 19,2 µg/mL. Based on phytochemical tests and LCMS/MS analysis, the methanol extract of C. odorata leaves contains compounds of the tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and steroids. Chromatogram at a retention time of 7.76; 8.96; and 10.01 in methanol extract of C. odorata identified 3,5,7,4'-tetrahydroxy-8,3'- dimethoxyflavone; 5,7,4’-trihydroxy-3’,5’-dimethoxyflavone, and 5,6,7,8,4'-pentamethoxyflavone compounds. Conclusion: Methanol extract with a concentration of 10,000 g/mL had the best calcium decay activity in kidney stones of 19,2 µg/mL. 3,5,7,4'-tetrahydroxy-8,3'-dimethoxyflavone;5,7,4’-trihydroxy-3’,5’-dimethoxyflavone, and 5,6,7,8,4'-pentamethoxyflavone compounds are contained in methanol extract which is thought to play a role in shedding calcium in kidney stones. Keywords: Chromolaena odorata, extraction, flavonoids, kidney stones, UV-Vis spectrophotometer