Investigating the Impact of Surfactant and Cosolvent on the Polyphenolic Content in Arumanis Mango Leaf Extract (Mangifera indica L.)

Abstract

The leaf of Mangifera indica L. contains flavonoids and mangiferin which showed positive effects on wound healing of diabetic ulcer. The used of suitable surfactant and co-solvent is required to ensure the high solubility of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), thereby optimizing the efficacy. This study aims to determine the ideal surfactant and cosolvent for a thermosensitive hydrogel formula of Mangifera indica leaf ethanol extract. The leaf was extracted by maceration using 70% ethanol then determined for moisture content. The extract was prepared for solubility tests of flavonoid and mangiferin on surfactants (Kolliphor® EL, Tween® 20, Tween® 80, Miranol® C2M) and co-solvents (Glycerin, PEG 400, and Transcutol). Determination of total flavonoids content was carried out using Spectrophotometry UV-Vis method and mangiferin content was determined using the RP-HPLC . The moisture content in the extract was 8.590 ± 0.754%. The surfactant demonstrating the highest capability in flavonoid dissolution was Tween 20 (1863.750 ± 0.838 µgQE/g extract), followed by Tween 80, Kolliphor EL, and Miranol C2M. In the context of co-solvents, PEG 400 (1309.583 ± 0.292 µgQE/g extract) show ed superior flavonoid dissolution capability, with glycerin and Transcutol continued to decrease sequentially. Tween 20 and Tween 80 showed comparable efficacy in mangiferin dissolution, followed by Miranol C2M and Kolliphor EL. Among co-solvents, Transcutol demonstrate the highest potential for mangiferin dissolution, succeeded by PEG 400 and glycerin. This study suggests that Tween 20 is a preferred surfactant, and PEG 400 was identified as a co-solvent for use in a thermosensitive gel formula for diabetic ulcers.