A nationwide assessment of community pharmacists’ attitudes towards dispensing errors: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Objectives: Dispensing errors (DEs) are common causes of preventable harm to patients. Interestingly, very little is known about their prevalence and types in the community pharmacy setting in Lebanon due to the lack of an effective reporting system. Therefore, this study aims to explore the perceptions of community pharmacists about the types of these errors in Lebanon, the factors behind their occurrence, the reasons for underreporting, and the current practices for reducing them. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted through a self-administered questionnaire, using a scale of 0e4, distributed among a sample of community pharmacists in Lebanon. Results: A total of 171 pharmacists responded to the survey, of whom 68% reported that DEs were common, and 52% believed that they were increasing. The main reported contributing factors to DEs were unreadable and incomplete prescriptions (z3.0 1.0 out of 5), workload, multitasking, interruptions, similarity in names of medications, and fatigue (z2.5 1.0). Moreover, the perceived strategies to limit the risks of DEs were collaboration with physicians, improving handwriting, double-checking, proper patient counselling, encouraging reporting, and issuance of guidelines (z3.2 1.0). Finally, the main reasons for underreporting DEs were the lack of obligation to report and the lack of reporting systems (59% and 56%, respectively). Conclusions: DEs may be very prevalent in Lebanon because they are unmonitored by the authorities. Electronic prescription and fair reporting systems are highly recommended, along with follow-up studies.