Assessment of the risk of obstructive sleep apnoea among patients with type 2 diabetes and its associated factors using the STOP-BANG questionnaire: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Objective: To assess the risk of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and its associated risk factors among patients with type 2 diabetes in southern KSA. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the ArmedForcesHospital inJazan.TheprevalenceofOSAwas assessed using a validated Arabic translation of the STOPBANG screening questionnaire. The odds of a higher OSA risk were calculated via regression analysis, according to the measured clinical and demographic variables. Results: The total number of participants was 306, of which 213 (69.6%) were over the age of 50, 247 (80.7%) were married, and 161 (52.6%) were female. The overall median score of the OSA risk level assessed by the STOPBANG items was three on a scale of 0e8, of which 193 (63.1%) of the participants in the sample were classified as being at high risk of developing OSA. Several statistically significant associations were identified, where odds ratios (ORs) with a higher OSA risk level were detected according to age, sex, marital status, waist and neck circumference, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and body mass index levels, duration of diabetes, and comorbidity with hypertension (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The higher risk of OSA identified in our sample of diabetic patients can be related to a high prevalence of obesity, larger neck circumferences, hypertension, and other factors linked to the duration and treatment of diabetes. Additionally, the association between waist circumference, HbA1c, and duration since the diagnosis of diabetes suggests an interaction effect that requires further investigation.