Efek Samping Obat Gefitinib pada Pasien Kanker Paru dengan Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Mutasi Positif

Abstract

Detection of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) mutations in lung cancer patients will help in selecting targeted therapy, such as gefitinib. Studies regarding the safety profile evaluation from gefitinib in Indonesia are very limited. Hence, this study aims to determine hematological and non-hematological side effects of gefitinib in lung cancer patients with positive EGFR mutations. The study design was an observational cross sectional. Secondary data was taken from medical records from 2020 to 2022 on 44 patients. The probability of side effects was measured using the Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale, and the severity of side effects was assessed using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). The results showed that the most frequent hematological side effect was anemia grade 1 in 18 patients (40.91%). For non-hematological side effects, grade 2 rash predominated in 20 patients (45.46%), 14 patients (31.82%) experienced grade 1 in elevated serum transaminase, grade 1 diarrhea occurred in 5 patients (11.36%), and grade 2 nausea-vomiting experienced by 3 patients (6.82%). Total of 36 patients (81.82%) experienced side effects, with 19 events included in the possible category and 17 events included in the probable category. Side effects are mild, manageable, and not cumulative. There was no dose adjustment or discontinuation of the drug caused by drug side effects.