Aphrodisiac Activity of Ethanolic Extracts from the Fruits of Three Pepper Plants from Piperaceae Family

Abstract

Abstract Background: Exploration of antibacterial substances from new sources such as plants, animals, and microorganisms, both living and symbiotic, is an alternative solution to overcome potential antibacterial needs. Microorganisms in bacteria are targeted as a sustainable source of antibacterial substances because of their ability to propagate easily. Bacteria living in symbiosis are known to produce antibacterial metabolites with a wider spectrum than whole-cell bacteria. They can symbiosis with various living things including multicellular organisms such as sponges. The isolate of Bacillus tequilensis BSMF symbiotic with Halichondria panicea from Cabbiya Madura Coast has been reported to produce antibacterial metabolites. Objective: To determinate the pH and temperature on antibacterial metabolite production from Bacillus tequilensis BSMF symbiotic Halichondria panicea using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media. Methods: The production of the antibacterial metabolites was carried out by solid fermentation method on PDA media with adjusted pH (5 - 8) and temperature (28, 32, 37oC) using Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Eschericia coli ATCC 25922 as test bacteria. The antibacterial activity was determined by measuring the inhibition zone diameter. Results: The optimal pH media and incubation temperature Bacillus tequilensis BSMF antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Eschericia coli ATCC 25922 were 8 ± 0.5 and 32 ± 1 oC respectively. The average antibacterial activity index against the test bacteria were 2.74 ± 0.07 and 3.39 ± 0.07 respectively. Conclusion: The production of antibacterial metabolites from Bacillus tequilensis BSMF could be performed optimally at pH 8 ± 0.5 and 32 ± 1 oC. Keywords: antibacterial metabolites, Bacillus tequilensis BSMF, Halichondria panicea, pH, temperature