Aktivitas Antibakteri dari Jamur Endofit Penicillium oxalicum Hasil Isolasi dari Spons Homaxinella tanitai

Abstract

Abstract Background: Marine-derived fungi have been known as the source of many fascinating metabolites with promising bioactivities, including antibacterial activity. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate extract and its fractions of an endophytic fungus isolated from a marine sponge Homaxinella tanitai fungus against Gram positive bacterias Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, as well as Gram negative bacteria Eschericia coli. Methods: Identification of the endophytic fungus was carried out based on 28S rRNA sequences. The fungus was grown in malt extract medium made with artificial sea water. Extraction was carried by liquid-liquid partition with ethyl acetate. Fractionation was carried out by flash chromatography. The antibacterial assay was conducted using both microdillution and disk diffusion assays. Phytochemical screening of the extract was carried out by TLC visualized with dyeing reagents as well as 1H NMR spectroscopy. Results: Based on 28S rRNA, the fungus was identified as Penicillium oxalicum strain FEC-128. The ethyl acetate extract of P. oxalicum showed antibacterial activity against B. subtilis and E. coli with MIC value of 250 µg/mL, and against S. aureus with MIC value of 500 µg/mL. Flash chromatography fractions of the extract at concentration 100 µg/disk showed moderate inhibition against three tested bacterias. Based on TLC and 1H NMR data the ethyl acetate extract contains terpenoid and polifenol. Conclusion: The endophytic fungus P. oxalicum isolated from the marine sponge H. tanitai showed antibacterial activities against Gram positive and Gram negative bacterias. Keywords: Penicillium oxalicum, endophytic fungus, antibacterial activity, marine sponge, Homaxinella tanitai