Peran dan Metode Pengukuran Protein KidneyInjury Molecule-1 (Kim-1) sebagai Biomarker pada Cedera Ginjal Akut

Abstract

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a clinical syndrome that causes a high risk of mortality and morbidity. Early detection of AKI is needed to prevent permanent kidney damage and slow down the progression of AKI. Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) is a sensitive, specific and rapid biomarker for early detection of AKI. KIM-1 will be overexpressed on proximal tubular epithelial cells after kidney injury. KIM-1 can describe kidney dysfunction through body fluids, such as plasma and urine. This literature review discusses the characteristics, roles and measurement methods of KIM-1 as a biomarker for early detection of AKI. The study was conducted on 51 articles obtained from the PubMed database with the keywords "Kidney Injury Molecule-1", "KIM-1 Biomarker", "KIM-1 assay", "Acute Kidney Injury" and "KIM-1 kidney injury biomarker". KIM-1 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein with a molecular weight of ~ 104 kDa which increases the concentration in the apical membrane of proximal tubular epithelial cells and plays a role in the pathogenesis of renal tubular cell injury. KIM-1 has good sensitivity and specificity with AUC-ROC values> 0.5. The most widely used measurement method is ELISA and the most widely used sample is urine because the increase is more pronounced than that of plasma. Urine KIM-1 measured using the ELISA method has the potential to be developed and used as a parameter for early diagnosis of AKI in the future