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dc.contributor.authorBrockway, Meredith (Merilee)-
dc.contributor.authorDaniel, Allison I.-
dc.contributor.authorReyes, Sarah M.-
dc.contributor.authordkk.-
dc.date.accessioned2024-09-20T07:41:00Z-
dc.date.available2024-09-20T07:41:00Z-
dc.date.issued2024-
dc.identifier.urihttp://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5907-
dc.description.abstractAmong exclusively breastfed infants, human milk (HM) provides complete nutrition in the first mo of life and remains an important energy source as long as breastfeeding continues. Consisting of digestible carbohydrates, proteins, and amino acids, as well as fats and fatty acids, macronutrients in human milk have been well studied; however, many aspects related to their relationship to growth in early life are still not well understood. We systematically searched Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science to synthesize evidence published between 1980 and 2022 on HM components and anthropometry through 2 y of age among term-born healthy infants. From 9992 abstracts screened, 57 articles reporting observations from 5979 dyads were included and categorized based on their reporting of HM macronutrients and infant growth. There was substantial heterogeneity in anthropometric outcome measurement, milk collection timelines, and HM sampling strategies; thus, meta-analysis was not possible. In general, digestible carbohydrates were positively associated with infant weight outcomes. Protein was positively associated with infant length, but no associations were reported for infant weight. Finally, HM fat was not consistently associated with any infant growth metrics, though various associations were reported in single studies. Fatty acid intakes were generally positively associated with head circumference, except for docosahexaenoic acid. Our synthesis of the literature was limited by differences in milk collection strategies, heterogeneity in anthropometric outcomes and analytical methodologies, and by insufficient reporting of results. Moving forward, HM researchers should accurately record and account for breastfeeding exclusivity, use consistent sampling protocols that account for the temporal variation in HM macronutrients, and use reliable, sensitive, and accurate techniques for HM macronutrient analysis.en_US
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherAdvances in Nutritionen_US
dc.relation.ispartofseriesReview;100149-
dc.subjecthuman milken_US
dc.subjectbreastmilken_US
dc.subjectbreastfeedingen_US
dc.subjectinfanten_US
dc.subjectanthropometryen_US
dc.subjectmacronutrientsen_US
dc.subjectcarbohydratesen_US
dc.subjectlactoseen_US
dc.subjectglucoseen_US
dc.subjectproteinen_US
dc.subjectamino acidsen_US
dc.subjectfaten_US
dc.subjectfatty acidsen_US
dc.subjectbody compositionen_US
dc.subjectgrowthen_US
dc.subjectlactationen_US
dc.titleHuman Milk Macronutrients and Child Growth and Body Composition in the First Two Years: A Systematic Reviewen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
Appears in Collections:VOL 15 NO 1 (2024)

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