RAGE and HMGB1 expressions in fetal membranes of premature rupture of membranes patients

Abstract

RAGE and HMGB1 expressions in fetal membranes of premature rupture of membranes patients Ketut Edy Sudiarta,1 Cindy Jennilyn Candra,2 Joan Khan,2 Rahadianto,3 Fitri Handajani4 Clinical Research ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) often occurs in pregnancy. The fetal membrane weakening is caused by inflammation involving receptor activation for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1). The associations between RAGE and HMGB1 with PROM are rarely studied. Hence, this study aimed to determine those associations in fetal membranes with PROM occurrence. METHODS This case-control study was conducted at Dr. Ramelan Central Naval Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, from August to November 2019. The subjects, determined using a non-probability sampling method (a saturated sample), were divided into PROM and normal pregnancy with intact fetal membranes (control) groups. Fetal membrane specimens were collected during vaginal and cesarean section deliveries. The expressions of RAGE and HMGB1 were determined using the immunohistochemical method and further analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test. RESULTS The expression of RAGE in fetal membranes with PROM was significantly higher than the control (52.74% versus 14.9% expression/mm2 , p<0.001), as well as the expression of HMGB1 (45.9% versus 8.5% expression/mm2 , p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The higher expressions of RAGE and HMGB1 in fetal membranes were associated with PROM. KEYWORDS fetal membranes, high mobility group box protein 1 , immunohistochemistry, premature rupture of membranes, receptor for advanced glycation end products pISSN: 0853-1773 • eISSN: 2252-8083 https://doi.org/10.13181/mji.oa.226099 Med J Indones. 2022;31:143–7 Received: February 15, 2022 Accepted: August 24, 2022 Published online: September 22, 2022 Authors' affiliations: ¹Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hang Tuah, Dr. Ramelan Central Naval Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, ²Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hang Tuah, Surabaya, Indonesia, ³Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hang Tuah, Dr. Ramelan Central Naval Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, ⁴Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hang Tuah, Dr. Ramelan Central Naval Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia Corresponding author: Ketut Edy Sudiarta Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hang Tuah, Dr. Ramelan Central Naval Hospital, Jalan Gadung No. 1, Jagir, Wonokromo, Surabaya, Indonesia