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dc.contributor.authorS Berthon, Bronwyn-
dc.contributor.authorWilliams, Lily M-
dc.contributor.authorJ Williams, Evan-
dc.contributor.authorG Wood, Lisa-
dc.date.accessioned2023-08-02T04:38:34Z-
dc.date.available2023-08-02T04:38:34Z-
dc.date.issued2022-
dc.identifier.urihttp://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5226-
dc.description.abstractLactoferrin (Lf) is a glycoprotein present in human and bovine milk with antimicrobial and immune-modulating properties. This review aimed to examine the evidence for the effect of Lf supplementation on inflammation, immune function, and respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in humans. Online databases were searched up to December 2020 to identify relevant, English-language articles that examined the effect of Lf supplementation in human subjects of all ages, on either inflammation, immune cell populations or activity, or the incidence, duration, or severity of respiratory illness or RTIs. Twenty-five studies (n = 20 studies in adults) were included, of which 8 of 13 studies (61%) in adults reported a decrease in at least 1 systemic inflammatory biomarker. Immune function improved in 6 of 8 studies (75%) in adults, with changes in immune cell populations in 2 of 6 studies (33%), and changes in immune cell activity in 2 of 5 studies (40%). RTI outcomes were reduced in 6 of 10 studies (60%) (n = 5 in adults, n = 5 in children), with decreased incidence in 3 of 9 studies (33%), and either decreased frequency (2/4, 50%) or duration (3/6, 50%) in 50% of studies. In adults, Lf reduced IL-6 [mean difference (MD): –24.9 pg/mL; 95% CI: –41.64, –8.08 pg/mL], but not C-reactive protein (CRP) [standardized mean difference: –0.09; 95% CI: –0.82, 0.65], or NK cell cytotoxicity [MD: 4.84%; 95% CI: –3.93, 13.60%]. RTI incidence was reduced in infants and children (OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.98) but not in adults (OR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.76, 1.32). Clinical studies on Lf supplementation are limited, although findings show 200 mg Lf/d reduces systemic inflammation, while formulas containing 35–833 mg Lf/d may reduce RTI incidence in infants and children, suggesting improved immune function. Future research is required to determine optimal supplementation strategies and populations most likely to benefit from Lf supplementationen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherOxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition 2022en_US
dc.subjectlactoferrinen_US
dc.subjecthumansen_US
dc.subjectinflammation,en_US
dc.subjectimmune function,en_US
dc.subjectrespiratory tract infectionen_US
dc.titleEffect of Lactoferrin Supplementation on Inflammation, Immune Function, and Prevention of Respiratory Tract Infections in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysisen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
Appears in Collections:VOL 13 NO 5 2022

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