Effectsof100%OrangeJuiceonMarkersof InflammationandOxidationinHealthyandAt-Risk AdultPopulations:AScopingReview,Systematic Review,andMeta-analysis

Abstract

Onehundredpercentorangejuice(OJ)hasnoaddedsugar,naturallycontainsflavonoidsandascorbicacid,andcanmodulatethebody’soxidative and inflammatory systems. This scoping review, systematic review, and meta-analysis investigated associations between 100% OJ and markers of inflammation or oxidationin healthy adults and those at riskfor chronic diseases. The study followed the PreferredReporting Itemsfor Systematic ReviewsandMeta-Analyses(PRISMA)statementandscopingreviewextension.LiteratureinEnglishwassearchedtoJuly2021inEmbaseand4Ovid platformdatabases.Clinicalandobservationalstudiesofanydurationwereeligible.CochraneCollaborationtoolswereusedtoassesstheriskofbias incontrolledtrials.StrengthofevidencewasdeterminedusingtheGradesofRecommendation,Assessment,Development,andEvaluation(GRADE) approach. The scoping review presents a qualitative synthesis of evidence in summary and results tables. Twenty-one interventional studies (16 controlled trials and 5 before-after studies) conducted in 307 healthy and 327 at-risk participants were included. Six common markers [C-reactive protein(CRP)orhigh-sensitivityCRP(hs-CRP),IL-6,TNF-α,malondialdehyde(MDA),oxidizedLDL(oxLDL),andantioxidantcapacity]measuredacross 16 studies were systematically reviewed, and results were synthesized narratively. Random-effects model meta-analyses were conducted on 10 studiesreportinghs-CRP,IL-6,and/orMDA.Afterconsuming100%OJ,healthyandat-riskparticipantsshowedsignificantlylowerIL-6concentrations (poolednetdifference:−1.51pg/mL;95%CI:−2.31,−0.70)andlower,butnonsignificant,hs-CRP(poolednetchange:−0.58mg/L;95%CI:−1.22, 0.05)andMDA(crossovertrialspoolednetdifference:−0.06μmol/L;95%CI:−0.19,0.08).Findingssuggestthat100%OJmayreduceinflammation, but results should be interpreted with caution due to moderate risk of bias, very low strength of evidence, and the low number of subjects. This studywasregisteredonPROSPERO(https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/)asCRD4202123543