Perspective:Metabotyping—APotential PersonalizedNutritionStrategyforPrecision PreventionofCardiometabolicDisease

Abstract

Dietisanimportant,modifiablelifestylefactorofcardiometabolicdiseaserisk,andanimproveddietcandelayorevenpreventtheonsetofdisease. Recentevidencesuggeststhatindividualscouldbenefitfromdietsadaptedtotheirgenotypeandphenotype:thatis,personalizednutrition.Anovel strategyistotailordietsforgroupsofindividualsaccordingtotheirmetabolicphenotypes(metabotypes).Randomizedcontrolledtrialsevaluating metabotype-specific responses and nonresponses are urgently needed to bridge the current gap of knowledge with regard to the efficacy of personalizedstrategiesinnutrition.InthisPerspective,wediscusstheconceptofmetabotyping,reviewthecurrentliteratureonmetabotypingin the context of cardiometabolic disease prevention, and suggest potential strategies for metabotype-based nutritional advice for future work. We also discuss potential determinants of metabotypes, including gut microbiota, and highlight the use of metabolomics to define effective markers for cardiometabolic disease–related metabotypes. Moreover, we hypothesize that people at high risk for cardiometabolic diseases have distinct metabotypes and that individuals grouped into specific metabotypes may respond differently to the same diet, which is being tested in a project oftheJointProgrammingInitiative:AHealthyDietforaHealthyLife