Effect of coral Goniopora Sp scaffold application on human Effect of coral Goniopora Sp scaffold application on human osteoblast-like MG-63 cell activity in vitro

Abstract

Effect of coral Goniopora Sp scaffold application on human osteoblast-like MG63 cell activity in vitro Vera Julia1*, Basril Abbas2, Endang W Bachtiar3, Benny S Latief1, Anne M Kuijpers-Jagtman4 1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia 2. National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia, Jakarta 12710, Indonesia 3. Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia 4. Department of Dentistry, Section of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands *E-mail: drgverajuliaspbm@gmail.com Abstract Background: Coral is an osteo-conductive biomaterial that can act as an alternative scaffold for osteogenesis. In this in vitro study we analyzed the activity of osteoblast-like cells after treatment with the coral Goniopora. Methods: Human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells were incubated in α-minimal essential medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 300 ng/mL amphotericin B plus 1% penicillin-streptomycin and stored in a 5% CO2 incubator at 37°C. The Goniopora were smashed into size A (20 mesh), B (1–2 mm), and C (200 mesh) particles, sterilized using gamma radiation and applied to cells. Protein and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentrations were evaluated after incubation for 24 and 48 h. Results: The protein assay of 24 h and 48 h cultured osteoblasts illustrated that treated cells, whether with coral size A, B and C exhibited a lower mean value compared to the untreated cells. For ALP levels there were statistically significant differences at 48 h between B and C (p = 0.004), and A and C (p = 0.09). Conclusions: No significant differences in total protein concentrations were found among all groups after 24 and 48 h. Smaller coral size and longer incubation time tended to facilitate osteogenesis. These results require further empirical validation. Keywords: alkaline phosphatase, biocompatible materials, bone regeneration, bone substitutes, coral, osteoblasts