Prevalence of Executive Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Mataram

Abstract

Executive dysfunction is a consequence of type 2 diabetes mellitus decreasing the quality of life of the patients. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of executive dysfunction among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Mataram. This case-control study involved 106 subjects recruited consecutively from May to September 2020 and divided into two groups, type 2 diabetes subjects (n=53) and healthy subjects (n=53) in the outpatient setting. The statistical analysis was done to investigate the significant difference of the means of age and years of education (independent t-test), mean of TMT-B completion time (Mann-Whitney U test), and proportions of gender and executive function status (chi-square test) between both groups. Binary logistic regression analysis examining the association between demographic and clinical variables and cognitive function status was performed in the type 2 diabetes mellitus subject group. There was a significant difference in the frequency of executive dysfunction between diabetes mellitus and healthy subject groups (p<0.05). The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus-associated executive dysfunction was 49.1%. Gender was the only characteristic associated with the prevalence of this executive dysfunction (OR=0.25; 95%CI=0.07-0.88, p<0.05). There was a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus-associated cognitive impairment and it was associated with the female gender.