Bacterial causes and antibiotics susceptibility profile of surgical site infection following cesarean section

Abstract

Bacterial causes and antibiotics susceptibility profile of surgical site infection following cesarean section Gordana Bogdanović1,2,† , Anis Cerovac2,3,* ,† , Elmedina Cerovac2,3 , Dubravko Habek4 , Fatima Numanović2,5 , Amela Bećirović2,5 , Bedrana Muračević-Begović6 , Alma Jahić Čampara2,7 , Želimir Marinović2 1Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Centre Tuzla, 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina 2School of Medicine, University of Tuzla, 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina 3Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, General Hospital Tešanj, 74260 Tešanj, Bosnia and Herzegovina 4Clinical Hospital “Sveti Duh” Zagreb, School of Medicine, Croatian Catholic University Zagreb, Croatian Academy of Medical Sciences, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia 5Department for Microbiology, Policlinic for Laboratory Diagnostic, University Clinical Center Tuzla, 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina 6Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Cantonal Hospital Zenica, 72000 Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina 7Clinic for Anaesthesiology, Reanimatology and Intensive Medicine, University Clinical Centre Tuzla, 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina *Correspondence: cerovac.anis@gmail.com (Anis Cerovac) †These authors contributed equally. Academic Editor: Paolo Ivo Cavoretto Submitted: 18 October 2021 Revised: 22 November 2021 Accepted: 23 November 2021 Published: 13 April 2022 Abstract Backround: Surgical site infection (SSI) is defined as an infection occurring within 30 days after a surgical operation and affecting either incision or deep tissues at the operation site. The aim of this study was to examine the incidence, identify bacterial agents and determine their antibiotics sensitivity of SSI following cesarean section (CS). Methods: This retrospective cohort study included women who undervent Misgav-Ladach method CS after which a SSI developed during the period from 01 January 2019 to 31 December 2019 at the Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center Tuzla. Results: During the observed period we recorded 3345 deliveries, out of which 946 (28.3%) were by cesarean section, and out of which 50 (5.28%) was with SSI. The most commonly isolated bacteria from SSI were: Escherichia coli; Enterococcus faecalis; Staphylococcus aureus; Klebsiella pneumoniae. Fluoroquinolnes had the highest antibacterial activity against gram-positive pathogenes isolated. Staphylococcus aureus isolates is highly resistant to penicilline (100%). Conclusions: The prevalence of SSI following cesarean section was high and Enterococccus faecalis and Escherichia coli was the commonest pathogens isolated. Keywords: Caesarean section; Surgical site infection; Bacterial agents