EXPLORING IMPACT OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP, ENGAGEMENT, AND COMMITMENT ON ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIAN LABOR UNIONS

Abstract

The role of leadership in shaping positive organizational behaviors has gained increasing attention, particularly within labor union contexts where member participation is essential. Despite the widespread recognition of Transformational Leadership as a driver of organizational performance, empirical research that examines its influence on Organizational Commitment, Organizational Engagement, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) in the setting of Indonesian labor unions remains limited. This study investigates the impact of transformational leadership on commitment, engagement, and OCB using a quantitative approach involving 126 union members across Indonesia. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4. The findings reveal that transformational leadership significantly enhances commitment and engagement, but doesn’t directly influence OCB. While organizational commitment neither mediates the relationship between transformational leadership and OCB nor significantly predicts OCB, organizational engagement emerges as a key mediator, underlining the role of active engagement in cultivating citizenship behaviors. The study contributes to the literature by clarifying the indirect role of leadership on OCB through engagement and provides practical insights into leadership strategies that promote deeper member involvement in union activities. These results offer valuable implications for the development of inclusive and engagement-centered leadership frameworks within collective organizations.