In vitro Platelet Aggregation-Stimulatory, Antibacterial, and Cytotoxic Activities of the Fresh Stem Juice from Montrichardia arborescens Schott (Araceae) – Evidence for Wound Healing- Stimulatory Properties

Abstract

Background: Montrichardia arborescens is traditionally used for wound healing, but without scientific evidence. In this study, the fresh stem juice was assessed for its platelet aggregation stimulatory and antibacterial activities and its safety. Methods: The stem juice was evaluated at various dilutions for platelet aggregation-stimulatory activity in human platelet rich plasma (PRP) using norepinephrine as a positive control; antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes (gram-positive bacteria) as well as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (gram-negative bacteria) in a broth microdilution method using tetracycline as a reference compound; and absence of substantial cytotoxicity against cultured CHO cells in an MTT assay. Data (means ± SDs; n ≥ 3) were evaluated for statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) using ANOVA with Bonferroni’s adjustments. Results: The stem juice stimulated platelet aggregation to nearly 100% at 50% (v/v) dilution and about 50% at 12.5% (v/v) dilution. It did not affect the growth of E. coli and P. aeruginosa at 50% (v/v) but partially inhibited that of S. aureus at 37.5% (v/v) and that of S. pyogenes completely at 12.5% (v/v). These effects were validated by those found with epinephrine 20 μM and tetracycline 10-60 μg/mL. CHO cell survival was only 3 ± 1% with the 50% (v/v) diluted stem juice but 64 ± 2% with the 12.5% (v/v) dilution. Conclusion: The M. arborescens stem juice exhibited substantial platelet aggregation-stimulatory and antibacterial activity at 12.5% (v/v) dilution which seemed safe to the normal tissues. These findings confirm its traditional use for wound healing.