Development of a Heart Failure Palliative Care Educational Program for Nurses: A Multi‑Method Approach

Abstract

Background: Comprehensive palliative care for patients with heart failure can be developed by educating cardiac nurses. The current study aimed to design a heart failure palliative care educational program for nurses. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out using the multi‑method approach based on two out of four steps of Uys educational program development at Dr. Chamran Hospital, Isfahan, in 2020–2021. In step 1, educational needs were collected through literature review, interviews with 15 patients and 10 nurses, examination of patients’ documents and medical records, and observation. Then, in step 2, the importance and necessity of teaching the proposed topics and the teaching and evaluation method of the items were assessed through two rounds of delphi technique (15 expert panel members). Eventually, the educational program was finalized. Results: In step 1, the educational needs of nurses were identified in 6 general fields and 26 general learning topics. In step 2, educational needs [specialized knowledge (55% necessity and 55% importance) and social support (33% necessity and 33% importance)], teaching methods (role‑playing, experiential learning, and journal club), and evaluation method (the information analysis method) were removed due to a lack of consensus (11%). Finally, the main parts of the program, including the program mission and vision, general learning topics, general goals, objectives, teaching strategies, and evaluation strategies, were compiled. Conclusions: This program provides nurses with up‑to‑date information on various aspects of the physical, psychological, social, spiritual, and educational needs of heart failure patients and ensures the provision of better services to them.