Immature granulocyte, immature granulocyte-lymphocyte ratio, and other hematological inflammatory parameters in Alzheimer disease

Abstract

Objectives: Persistent overactivation of inflammatory responses has been associated with various neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer disease. This study aimed to investigate whether parameters derived from complete blood count, such as white blood cell populations, platelet counts, and hemogram-derived parameters like platelet-lymphocyte ratio, immature granulocyte-lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune-inflammation index, and platelet-neutrophil ratio, which can be easily detected without additional cost, could have diagnostic value in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. Additionally, the co-occurrence rates of Alzheimer disease with other diseases (such as Parkinson disease, anxiety, diabetes mellitus, cancer, osteoporosis and kidney disease) were analyzed. Methods: Complete blood count data of 231 patients diagnosed with Alzheimer disease after pre-screening were retrospectively reviewed. Complete blood count parameters were generated using hemogram device data. Platelet-lymphocyte ratio, immature granulocyte-lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune-inflammation index, and platelet-neutrophil ratio were calculated using neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet counts. 593 patients diagnosed with Alzheimer disease during pre-screening were retrospectively screened again and Alzheimer disease comorbidities were analyzed. Results: The immature granulocyte, immature granulocyte %, immature granulocyte-lymphocyte ratio values were found to be statistically significantly higher in Alzheimer's patients compared to the control group. However, the receiver operating characteristic analysis did not provide sufficient discrimination. The diseases accompanying Alzheimer disease were determined and the numbers found were expressed as percentages. The most common diseases were anxiety disorder, vitamin D deficiency and hypertension, respectively. The comorbidity with Parkinson disease was found to be 13.8%. Conclusion: Since immature granulocyte, immature granulocyte %, immature granulocyte-lymphocyte ratio values, which do not require extra cost and can be easily detected with complete blood count, were determined to have discriminatory value in some diseases, we hope that our study will guide future research. Keywords: Alzheimer disease, anxiety, immature granulocyte, immature granulocyte-lymphocyte ratio, parkinson disease