Immunophenotypic properties association of CLL and ALL patient cells by flow cytometry analysis

Abstract

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are blood cancers that affect lymphocytes and can be diagnosed by flow cytometry. Flow cytometry is a laboratory technique that analyzes cell properties, including cell surface markers such as cluster of differentiation 19 (CD19). Objective: The main objective of this study was to explore the correlation of the number of CD19-positive cells with other CD antigens in patients with CLL and ALL. Methods: After receiving ethical approval (Approval No. 5S/401), blood was collected from participants who had been diagnosed by a physician. Then the collected blood was prepared for flow cytometry analysis according to the protocol by staining with fluorescent antibodies. Results: The results of the current study showed that sex and different age groups had no statistical influence on the number of CD19-positive cells in the patients evaluated. The generated models did not reveal an association with the number of CD19-positive cells in patients with CLL and ALL. In patients with CLL, the number of cells expressing CD5, CD20, CD23, and CD200 was significantly and positively related with the number of CD19- positive cells. In patients with ALL, the number of cells expressing CD79 and CD99 was significantly and positively correlated with the number of CD19-positive cells. This comparison study also found that in patients with CLL, the number of CD19-positive cells was significantly higher than the number of cells expressing CD20, CD23, and CD200. In patents with ALL, there was a significantly higher number of CD19-positive cells than CD34- positive and CD79-positive cells. Conclusion: In patients with CLL, there was a strong positive correlation between the number of CD19- positive cells and the number of cells expressing CD5, CD20, CD23, and CD200. Additionally, in patients with ALL, there was a positive correlation of CD79 and CD99 with the number of CD19-positive cells.