Outcomes of surgical management of ankle fractures in patients with diabetes

Abstract

Objective: Ankle fracture surgeries among diabetic are common and can have fatal consequences and serious adverse outcomes. A target hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level <8% in all elective surgeries for patients with diabetes is suggested to minimize poor outcomes. We investigated the postoperative outcomes and complications among patients who underwent ankle fracture surgery using HbA1c level as a predictor value. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City between January 2016 and December 2022 on all patients with diabetes who underwent open reduction and internal fixation and who had a documented HbA1c level. Radiological outcomes and complications were noted along with the levels of HbA1c and analyzed statistically. Results: A total of 44 patients were included in the study: 29 women (65.9%) and 15 (34.1%) men. The most frequent ankle fracture type was bimalleolar (54.5%). HbA1c was elevated (54.5%) in patients. A significantly higher proportion of patients who had <8% HbA1c level had radiological union compared to patients who had 8% HbA1c level (p = 0.036). Patients who had elevated HbA1c level had more complications although it did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that age and HbA1c level were the significant factors for an uncomplicated and successful ankle surgery. Conclusion: Poor postoperative outcomes and complications are more common among patients with elevated HbA1c. This suggests that an elevated HbA1c level is associated with a poor treatment outcome. Determination of HbA1c levels may predict potential problems post ankle fracture surgery and improve management outcomes.