Terapi non-farmakologi dalam mengurangi tingkat nyeri kepala pada pasien hipertensi: A literature review

Abstract

Abstract Background: The occurrence of headaches in patients with hypertension is attributable to an elevation in cerebral vascular resistance. The patient experiences a headache in the nape and forehead area, with a moderate level of pain intensity that has a detrimental effect on their comfort. Purpose: To determine the most appropriate non-pharmacological therapy for the management of headache pain in patients with hypertension. Method: Literature review study with journal article search was conducted on the ProQuest, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar and Ebsco search databases published in 2019-2024 in English and Indonesian. The keywords used were "non-pharmacological therapy, headache, hypertension". Researchers found 518 articles, after selection, 12 articles were obtained to be reviewed using JBI Quality Appraisal. Results: The 12 selected articles present a variety of non-pharmacological therapies that can be performed, including relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, massage, acupuncture, and the use of warm compresses. Non-pharmacological therapy has both management and side effects. The results of the analysis demonstrated that the most effective therapy for managing headaches is warm compresses, when compared to other therapies. The administration of warm compresses, specifically the application of compresses to the neck for a duration of 10 to 15 minutes once per day for a period of seven days, resulted in a reduction of the mean pain score among hypertensive patients by 3.1 points. Conclusion: The most efficacious non-pharmacological therapy for the alleviation of head pain is the application of warm compresses. Keywords: Headache; Hypertension; Non-pharmacological Therapy.