Faktor determinan keraguan ibu terhadap vaksinasi dasar pada anak bawah dua tahun

Abstract

Abstract Background: Child health is still a major health problem in Indonesia. The health condition of children in a country can be measured by the infant mortality rate. The infant mortality rate is the death of infants under the age of one year. Vaccination is the most effective way to save lives from infectious diseases. Vaccination campaigns have helped combat smallpox since the mid-20th century and against polio, measles, and invasive pneumococcus, as well as other deadly infectious diseases. Public concerns about certain vaccines can lead to vaccine hesitancy, which can threaten the achievement of adequate vaccination coverage. There are several factors that influence hesitancy about vaccination, including environmental factors, individual and group factors, and certain issues. Purpose: To determine the determinants of maternal hesitancy about basic immunization in children under the age of two. Method: Quantitative research of correlational analytical type with cross sectional approach, conducted in Purwokerto Utara I Health Center area in October 2023-April 2024. Independent variables in this study are environmental factors, individuals and groups and certain issues, while the dependent variable is mother's doubts about basic vaccination in children under two years (toddlers). The sampling technique used is simple random sampling, obtained a sample of 66 respondents. Sample inclusion criteria are mothers who have toddlers and are willing to fill out the questionnaire. Data analysis using univariate and bivariate Chi-square. Results: There is an influence between environmental factors and individual/group factors on mothers' hesitation in providing basic immunization to their children with p values of 0.041 and 0.023 (<0.05), respectively. However, there is no relationship between specific issue factors and mothers' hesitation in providing basic immunization as evidenced by a p value of 0.064 (>0.05). The results of the ordinal logistic regression analysis show that individual and group factors are the most dominant factors with a p value > 0.056 which is significant at a significance level of α = 0.10. Conclusion: Environmental factors and individual/group factors have a significant influence on mothers' hesitation in providing basic immunization to toddlers, while specific issue factors do not have a significant influence. Suggestion: The implications of these findings suggest the need for a more comprehensive approach to increasing vaccination coverage. Such an approach should not only focus on disseminating accurate information about vaccination, but should also consider socioeconomic conditions, access to health facilities, and other social factors that influence maternal decisions. Appropriate education, strong social support, and better access to health services can significantly reduce maternal hesitancy towards vaccination and improve child health. Keywords: Basic Vaccination; Children under Two Years; Determinant Factors; Mother's Doubt.