The effects of foot massage on restless leg syndrome in hemodialysis patients: A systematic review

Abstract

Abstract Background: Restless leg syndrome (RLS) is a neurological disorder that causes an irresistible desire to move the legs. RLS is a problem that is often encountered in hemodialysis (HD) patients and can affect the patient's quality of life. Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of massage therapy and aromatherapy on symptoms of restless leg syndrome and sleep quality in hemodialysis patients. Method: Systematic review study design that refers to the Preferred Reporting Items for Literature Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The literature used was published from 2013-2023 through databases including, ProQuest, Science Direct, Cochrane, Ebsco Host, SAGE Journal, Taylor & Francis, and Scopus with the keywords "Restless Leg Syndrome", "Leg Massage", and "Dialysis". Results: This study recorded significant massage interventions in hemodialysis patients in seven articles with varying massage methods, including stretching, reflexology, and Swedish massage. Another method also adds aromatherapy massage using essential oils. Muscle massage can increase relaxation and blood circulation in the legs, as well as improve the patient's sleep quality. Adding sensory nerve stimulation using aromatherapy will increase the patient's relaxation speed. Apart from massage therapy using hands, vibrators can also be used and have been proven to be effective in reducing restless leg syndrome. However, currently the use of vibrators is not yet widespread. Conclusion: Massage therapy is effective in reducing restless legs syndrome and improving the quality of life of hemodialysis patients. When carrying out massage therapy, several types of lubricants can be used to increase the effectiveness of massage therapy, such as lavender, olive oil, glycerine and citrus. Keywords: Dialysis; Foot massage; Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)