Determinant factors influencing measles and rubella vaccine hesitancy among parents: A literature review

Abstract

Abstract Background: Measles and rubella (German measles) are diseases that can be prevented by vaccination (PD3I). Both of these diseases are acute diseases caused by viruses whose complications can cause death, especially in groups of children under five who do not receive vaccinations. Vaccination coverage for children, both basic and advanced vaccinations, has decreased in the post-Covid-19 era. Vaccination at the global level shows a decline in basic vaccination coverage from 86% (2019) to 83% (2020). Purpose: To review determinant factors influencing measles, and rubella vaccine hesitancy among parents. Method: Literature review using PRISMA guidelines with database sources coming from Sciencedirect, Pubmed, and Google Scholar published in 2019-2023. The keywords used are “vaccine hesitancy” and “determinants”. Results: The factors causing hesitancy in measles-rubella vaccination in various regions are quite complex and varied. Time barriers, distance in accessing health services, the influence of religious, cultural factors, local government support, and the influence of anti-vaccination issues through various communication media are contextual factors that need to be questioned. Individual or group/community factors that influence vaccine hesitancy include knowledge, perception of the risks and benefits of vaccines, beliefs and attitudes towards vaccination. Other factors that also influence acceptance and refusal of vaccination are support from health workers, cost barriers, and vaccine availability. Conclusion: The determining factors for doubts about measles-rubella vaccination are caused by 3 factors, namely contextual, individual, group/community influences, and the influence of specific issues regarding vaccination. Keywords: Determinant Factors; Measles-Rubella; Vaccine Hesitancy