Pola makan, aktivitas fisik, gula darah, dan risiko luka kaki diabetik pada pasien diabetes melitus

Abstract

Abstract Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by increased blood glucose (hyperglycemia). The prevalence of diabetes continues to increase until it reaches 578 million in 2030 and 700 million in 2045. Physical activity has an impact on insulin action in people at risk of diabetes mellitus. Lack of activity is one of the factors that plays a role in causing insulin resistance, Purpose: To analyze diet patterns, physical activity, and the risk of diabetic foot injuries in diabetes mellitus patients. Method: Descriptive analytical research using the sampling technique is accidental sampling, with a total sample of 40 DM patients without wounds. The instruments used were questionnaire sheets in the form of eating patterns and physical activity with international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) measuring instruments and blood sugar measuring instruments. The analysis used in this research is univariate analysis. Results: As many as 82.5% of blood sugar was controlled at 100-199 mg/dl, 90% of sufferers had a risk of injury using footwear, 75% felt heat in their feet, 95% felt their pulse in their feet was weak and irregular. The food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) consists of 28 staple foods in the form of white rice with a frequency of 4-6 times/day, 40%, fresh fish, and 42.5% consume meat with a frequency of 1-3 times/week, so it is necessary to take precautions to prevent neuropathy. . Conclusion: The type and amount of food greatly influences the incidence of DM, so assessment and screening of food patterns needs to be carried out. Apart from that, DM sufferers need to increase physical activity according to their abilities and the assessment of injury risk needs to be improved to prevent neuropathy. Suggestion: Health workers need to increase education about wound care, early detection of the risk of diabetic foot wounds, and carrying out physical activities such as foot exercises. Keywords: Blood Sugar; Diabetes Mellitus; Physical Activity; Wound Prevention.