The Age as a Risk Factor for Advanced Stage in Cervical Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Multivariate Study

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between age and the occurrence of advanced-stage cervical cancer in a national referral hospital setting as a step towards effective prevention, early detection, and management. Methods: This research adopts a retrospective study design based on the Cancer Registration database of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital focusing on cervical cancer patients from 2019 to 2022. Multivariate analysis was conducted with age as the primary independent variable, considering parity and employment status in the analysis. The FIGO classification of cervical cancer stages was used to categorize patients into early and advanced stages. Results: Out of 512 cervical cancer cases, 492 were included in this study. The distribution of cervical cancer stages shows Ninety-one subjects (18.4%) were classified as having early-stage cervical cancer, while 401 other subjects (81.6%) were classified as having advanced-stage cervical cancer. The age distribution of patients is 273 cases (55.4%) in the 18-54 years old group and 219 cases (44.6%) in the >54 years old group. The multivariate analysis of the relationship between cervical cancer stage and age shows an increased risk towards the occurrence of higher cervical cancer stages, and is statistically significant (p<0.05) with an odds ratio of 2.13, particularly in individuals aged >54 years. Conclusion: Age over 54 years is a significant risk factor for advanced-stage cervical cancer. Although there is no significant association with parity and employment history, these findings support preventive and early detection efforts in the older population. Increased screening programs and education are expected to reduce cases of advanced-stage cervical cancer in the future.