Peripheral Serum AMH and FSH Levels for Determining Ovarian Reserve in Experimental Mouse Model

Abstract

Objective: To determine peripheral serum levels of AMH and FSH in experimental animals for predicting ovarian reserve. Methods: This is an experimental study was conducted from March 2022 to May 2023 at the Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI) and Integrated Laboratory and Histology Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia (FKUI) and involving 20 female Sprague-Dawley rats aged 8–10 weeks with normal estrus cycles and 5 female rats aged 28–30 weeks. The experiment is divided into 5 groups, the young age control group, the old age control group, the 1x cisplatin group, the 2x cisplatin group, and the 3x cisplatin group. Cisplatin is one of the chemotherapeutic agents that has moderate toxicity employed to reduce ovarian reserve in a rat model. Intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin at 2 mg/kg/day twice a week for five weeks significantly decreases ovarian reserve, as evidenced by a notable reduction in Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) levels. After the treatment, tissue collection, histological staining, peripheral and central blood collection through the retro-orbital bleeding (ROB) and heart were performed. Conclusion: In the follicle count, the group treated with cisplatin 2x exhibited a significantly lower number of live follicles compared to the cisplatin 1x and 3x groups. The average concentrations of serum AMH and FSH in the ROB and heart were higher in the 2x cisplatin group compared to the other groups. The more cisplatin added the more ovarian reserve reduced and it corresponds to the old age control group. The increase in the follicles count and decrease in serum level in the cisplatin 3x group was due to the burn out phenomenon. Blood collection through the ROB is considered a less invasive alternative technique in the treatment group, requiring serial observation.