The Low Level of Serum 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and Calcium in Preeclampsia Women and Its Impact on Maternal Outcomes

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the association of serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25[OH]2D3) and calcium levels in pregnancy with the risk of preeclampsia and its impact on maternal outcomes. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department at Dr. M. Djamil Padang General Hospital from May 2021 to April 2022. Patients with normal pregnancy, diagnosed with preeclampsia, and willing to sign the informed consent were included in this study. Blood serum samples from patients were collected and examined with an ELISA kit. The collected data were then statistically analyzed with univariate and bivariate analysis. Results: The serum 1.25(OH)2D3 levels strongly correlate with maternal outcomes (systolic and diastolic blood pressure) among preeclampsia patients, with p-value = <0.0001. The serum 1.25(OH)2D3 levels in preeclampsia were significantly lower than in normal pregnancy (88.73 ± 42.22 vs. 111.11 ± 52.49 pg/ml), with p-value = 0.033. The serum calcium levels in preeclampsia patients were significantly lower compared to normal pregnant women's (8.67 ± 0.49 vs. 9.55 ± 0.93 mg/dL), with p-value = <0.0001. However, there was no association between serum 1.25(OH)2 D3 and serum calcium levels in pregnancy. Conclusion: Serum levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and calcium in preeclampsia were significantly lower than in normal pregnancy. Serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 levels were also found to have a significant correlation with systolic and diastolic blood pressure in preeclamptic patients. These findings reinforce the suggestion of the importance of vitamin D and calcium supplementation during pregnancy to reduce the risk of preeclampsia and to achieve better maternal outcomes.