http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9697 Sat, 18 Apr 2026 03:48:52 GMT 2026-04-18T03:48:52Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9707 Title: Role of regulatory T cells and T helper 17 cells in the pathogenesis of hypertension: a review Authors: Sakti Muliawan, Hary; Dwi Putra, Swastya; Zulkifli Amin, Hilman; Widyantoro, Bambang Abstract: The discovery of autoantibodies in artery samples from cadavers with hypertension over 50 years ago suggested a potential link between the immune system and hypertension. Since then, research exploring the role of the immune system in hypertension has emerged. Animal studies have demonstrated a strong correlation between regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells in hypertension development, yet studies on human hypertension remain limited. Tregs produce inhibitory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor-β to act as anti-inflammatory cells that protect against hypertension. In contrast, Th17 cells, by producing IL-17A, function as pro-inflammatory cells that promote hypertension. Recently, a subset of cells known as IL-17A+FOXP3+Treg cells have been identified, which can produce IL-17 and act as inflammatory cells under certain conditions. Understanding the basic mechanisms by which the immune system influences hypertension could lead to targeted immunotherapies for hypertension in the future. Thus, we highlighted the role of Tregs and Th17 cells in the development of hypertension and their potential as targets for therapy. Our findings confirmed the role of Tregs and Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of hypertension. KEYWORDS hypertension, immune system, regulatory T cell, T helper 17 cell Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9707 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9706 Title: Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula presenting like longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis Authors: Yuliatri, Nia; Ayke Widjaya, Ingrid; Aditiara Wibawa, Gibran; Harlyjoy, Alphadenti; Satyanegara, Satyanegara Abstract: Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) that drains into spinal perimedullary veins can generate longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM)-like lesion, which often represents a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. This is a case report of a 50-year-old male referred with all extremity weaknesses. Despite receiving high-dose intravenous steroids for suspected myelitis, no improvement was recorded. Spinal imaging showed abnormal hyperintensity extending from the T6 vertebral level to the medulla, and a flow void lesion from the cervicomedullary junction up to the L3 level. Angiography confirmed a Cognard type V spinal DAVF, which was treated with transarterial embolization of the feeding vessel. Follow-up angiography showed complete occlusion of the fistula without any backflow. Flow voids are no longer visible on MRI conducted 3 weeks post-procedure. Unfamiliarity with these disorders often leads to delays in diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, it is essential to consider intracranial DAVF as a differential diagnosis for LETM-like lesions. KEYWORDS endovascular procedures, dural arteriovenous fistula, transverse myelitis Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9706 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9705 Title: Multimodal approach in the diagnosis and management of Eales disease: a case report Authors: Andayani Adriono, Gitalisa; Rasyid Mahfudz, Sausan; Fauzi Triyoga, Ichsan Abstract: Eales disease is a rare idiopathic occlusive retinal vasculitis with low prevalence in the general population. Its infrequent occurrence limits diagnostic and treatment guidelines, emphasizing the need for ongoing reports to establish effective protocols. This case report describes a patient presenting with symptoms of bilateral retinal vasculitis. Fundus examination revealed vitreous hemorrhage (VH) and peripheral retinal vasculitis. Laboratory and imaging tests were performed to exclude differential diagnoses, leading to Eales disease as the primary diagnosis. Pars plana vitrectomy, panretinal laser photocoagulation, intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor, and anti-tuberculosis therapy were administered. Long-term follow-up showed satisfactory outcomes. This report suggested Eales disease to be a diagnosis of consideration for ophthalmologists encountering male patients with recurrent VH. Clinical suspicion, including appropriate laboratory testing and imaging, is essential to developing a holistic approach to diagnosis and management, aiming to prevent progression and achieve optimal visual outcomes. KEYWORDS periphlebitis, rare diseases, retinal vasculitis, vitreous hemorrhage Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9705 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9704 Title: Stand-alone middle meningeal artery embolization in chronic subdural hematoma patient presenting cognitive decline: a case report Authors: Galindra, Yusmahenry; Rilianto, Beny; Gusanto Kurniawan, Ricky; Tri Prasetyo, Bambang Abstract: Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is a neurological disorder that commonly occurs in the elderly with high morbidity and mortality. Current treatment for cSDH consists of conservative therapy, surgical evacuation, and endovascular therapy, or a combination of all the methods. Endovascular therapy for cSDH management involving middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) has become a promising therapeutic option for clinicians as it offers a minimally invasive, safe, and effective choice with a low recurrence rate. MMAE using particles can also be performed in frail elderly patients who cannot undergo large craniotomy procedures. We presented a case of a subdural hematoma patient with cognitive decline using a therapeutic strategy of stand-alone MMAE, which resulted in cognitive function improvement. KEYWORDS chronic subdural hematoma, cognitive impairment, MMA embolization Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9704 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z