http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9119 787 - 984 Wed, 08 Apr 2026 20:05:52 GMT 2026-04-08T20:05:52Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9382 Title: Hypervirulent Clostridioides difficile RT078 lineage isolates from the river: A potential reservoir for environmental transmission Authors: -Shiang Tsai, Chin; Cheng, Ya-Lien; -Sheng Chen, Jung; -Jane Tsai, Pei; -Yang Tsai, Bo; Mu Hsu, Bing- Abstract: Abstract This is the first report to discover Clostridiodes difficile (C. difficile) ribotype RT126 and RT598 (both ribotypes belong to RT078-lineage) in a river water system in southern Taiwan. Fluoroquinolone resistance was also found. The connection between clinical isolates and those from the environment needs further investigation Sat, 01 Oct 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9382 2022-10-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9381 Title: In vitro Arthrographis kalrae biofilm formation: Scanning electron microscopy and cytotoxic analysis Authors: Dorana de Oliveira Souza, Bianca; Josefina Escobar Arcos, Janneth; Vataru Nakamura, Celso; Airy Nagashima, Luciene; Sano, Ayako Abstract: Abstract To our knowledge, this study represents the first demonstration of Arthrographis kalrae biofilm formation in vitro by scanning electron microscopy and the distinct cytotoxic activity between planktonic and biofilm extracts on RAW 264.7 cell line. Higher activity was observed with biofilm. It could impact host immune response, that require furthers study. Copyright ª 2021, Taiwan Society of Microbiology. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC. This is an Sat, 01 Oct 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9381 2022-10-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9380 Title: Bacillus Calmette-Gue´rin (BCG) osteomyelitis among children: Experience in a single tertiary center in central Taiwan Authors: Yi Low, Yan; Hsu, Yu-Lung; Chen, Jiun-An; -Mei Wei, Hsiu; -Cheng Lai, Huan; Chiu, Yu-Ting Abstract: Abstract Background: The insidious nature of BCG-osteomyelitis makes it challenging for clinicians to detect it early on. Methods: This 12-year retrospective analysis was conducted at a single tertiary hospital in central Taiwan. Electronic medical records of pediatric patients treated for BCG-osteomyelitis were reviewed. Demographics, clinical features, and laboratory findings were compared with patients diagnosed with culture-proven pyogenic osteomyelitis. Results: In total, eight patients fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Their median age was 16 months, and no obvious gender prevalence was found. Six of the eight patients had lesions involving the lower extremities. When compared with the pyogenic osteomyelitis group, age of disease onset was found to be significantly younger in the BCG osteomyelitis group (pZ0.038). Absence of fever and pain in the BCG osteomyelitis group was found to be statistically significant when compared with the pyogenic group (pZ0.002 and pZ0.026 respectively). CRP and ESR were found to be significantly higher in the pyogenic osteomyelitis group (pZ0.000 and pZ0.004 respectively). Conclusion: BCG-related osteomyelitis must be considered when evaluating an afebrile child presenting with an unexplainable swelling or limp, and especially when the lesion is located on a lower limb. Laboratory studies may reveal normal WBC and CRP, with a normal to modest elevation of ESR. Imaging studies, including plain radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), or computed tomography (CT) should be employed to rule out BCG-related osteomyelitis. Early diagnosis help minimize inappropriate antibiotics use, and may lead to a better outcome. Sat, 01 Oct 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9380 2022-10-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9378 Title: Temporal trends of pharmacologic treatments for tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis following dissemination of treatment guidelines in South Korea Authors: Eol Jeong, Han; Choi, Junyeong; Oh, In-Sun; Son, Hyunjin; Hun Jang, Seung; -Young Jung, Sun; -Young Shin, Ju Abstract: Abstract Background/Purpose(s): The World Health Organization (WHO) released treatment guidelines for multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in 2008, with subsequent revisions in 2011; Korea disseminated corresponding guidelines in 2011 and 2014, respectively. Thus, we aimed to investigate the temporal trends of and the updated guideline’s impact on the prescription patterns of anti-TB drugs. Methods: We conducted a time-series study using Korea’s nationwide healthcare database (2007e2015), where patients with TB or MDR-TB were included. Only anti-TB drugs prescribed during the intensive phase of treatment for TB (two months) or MDR-TB (eight months) were assessed. We estimated the annual utilization of TB treatment regimens and the relative difference (RD) in the proportion of MDR-TB treatment medications between the following periods: before the first Korean guideline (June 2008 to March 2011); between the first and revised guidelines (April 2011 to July 2014); after the revised guideline (August 2014 to December 2015). Results: Of 3523 TB (mean age 54.1 years; male 56.8%) patients, treatment regimens for TB complied with guideline recommendations as >80% of patients received either quadruple (mean 66.8%) or triple (14.5%) therapy of first-line anti-TB drugs. Following the WHO’s guideline update, prescription patterns changed accordingly among 111 MDR-TB (mean age 46.0 years; male 67.6%) patients, as use of pyrazinamide (RD þ20.3%) and prothionamide (þ11.5%) increased (recommended to be compulsory), and streptomycin (43.1%) decreased (ototoxicity risks). Conclusions: Anti-TB drug prescription patterns for both TB and MDR-TB well reflected WHO’s treatment guideline as well as corresponding domestic guidelines of South Korea. Sat, 01 Oct 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9378 2022-10-01T00:00:00Z