http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/8842 Fri, 17 Apr 2026 03:23:48 GMT 2026-04-17T03:23:48Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9061 Title: Polymorphisms of SLCO1B1 Gene in Sundanese Ethnic Population of Tuberculosis Patients in Indonesia Authors: Santoso, Prayudi; Juliastuti, Henny; Melinda Nataprawira, Heda Abstract: Background: The blood level of rifampicin, one of the tuberculosis (TB) drugs, depends on the organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) in hepatocytes. This protein is encoded by the solute carrier organic anion 1B1 (SLCO1B1) gene. Its genetic variation has been reported to have an impact on clinical outcomes and drug efficacy. However, the polymorphism in the SLCO1B1 gene has not been examined in Indonesia yet. We aimed to identify the frequency of polymorphism in SLCO1B1 gene among pulmonary TB patients in Bandung, Indonesia. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted in West Java. 145 pulmonary TB patients who were treated with first-line drugs treatment (including rifampicin 450 mg daily) were analyzed for polymorphism in SLCO1B1 gene. Patients aged between 18–64 years old and mainly came from Sundanese ethnic group (92.4%). Genetic variants were detected using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing. Results: Polymorphism of c.463C>A(rs11045819) was not identified, while heterozygous and homozygous polymorphism of c.85-7793C>T(rs4149032) were identified in 74 (51.0%) and 56 (38.6%) patients, respectively. The minor allele frequency (MAF) of T (mutant) allele of c.85-7793C>T(rs4149032) was 64.13% (186/209), higher than in the general population, which the MAF of rs4149032 is 53.6% based on 1000 genome database. Conclusion: This study highlights the presence of different allele frequencies of polymorphisms within the population, which might affect treatment outcomes. Keywords: c.85-7793C>T (rs4149032), c.463C>A (rs11045819), drug transporter, gene polymorphism, West Java, Indonesia Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9061 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9060 Title: Lower Number and Percentage of Activated Natural Killer Cells in Colorectal Cancer Patients Authors: Vidyani, Amie; Abbas Nusi, Iswan; KholilI, Ulfa Abstract: Background: Colorectal cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the colon and/or rectum tissue. Natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in the first line of defense against infection and tumors, as well as in autoimmunity and hypersensitivity reactions. NK cells also play a role in regulating tumor cell growth and metastasis. The number and percentage of activated natural killer cells have been determined in patients with colorectal cancer and benign lesion. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational analytic study. The number and percentage of activated NK cells in peripheral blood were determined using the flow cytometry method in 50 samples from patients who underwent colonoscopy and obtained a mass as evidenced by histopathological examination. Results: Among the 50 samples, 24 samples included in the colorectal cancer group and 26 samples from benign lesion group. The mean number of NK cells in colorectal cancer was 161.71 ± 62.666 cells/μL, benign lesion was 553.92 ± 269.173 cells/μL. The mean percentage of activated NK cells in colorectal cancer was 2.82 ± 1.19%, benign lesion was 5.10 ± 2.48%. There was a significant difference in the number of NK cells and the percentage of activated NK cells between colorectal cancer and benign lesion patients (p = 0.000). Conclusion: The number and activity of NK cells decreases in patients with colorectal cancer. Keywords: The number of NK cells, percentage of activated NK cells, colorectal cancer, cancer. Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9060 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9056 Title: Diagnosis of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Using iwCLL 2018 Compared with NCI-WG96 Criteria in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital: A Practical Consideration in Resource Limited Setting Authors: Sukrisman, Lugyanti; Rinaldi, Ikhwan Abstract: Background: The diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is mainly based on blood count, morphology, and immunophenotyping. In Indonesia, the diagnosis is more challenging as the availability of immunophenotyping tests is limited. The European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) stated flowcytometry as a prerequisite to establishing diagnosis of CLL, meanwhile in the original International Workshop on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (iwCLL) 2018 criteria, which has been widely accepted by physicians caring for patients with CLL, the diagnosis of CLL can be made in patients with cytopenia using bone marrow biopsy where flowcytometry test is not available. The aim of the study was to compare the utility of iwCLL 2018 compared with National Cancer Institute Working Group 96 (NCI-WG96) criteria in the diagnosis of CLL in Indonesia, especially in limited resource settings. Methods: The data of newly diagnosed CLL patients, including baseline demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics was retrieved retrospectively from medical records in Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital from 2015 until 2021. Diagnosis of CLL using iwCLL 2018 diagnostic criteria were then compared with NCI-WG96 criteria. Results: Thirty-eight patients were enrolled to this study. The median age was 59.5 years and dominated by males. Most of them were classified in the late-stage disease (63.4% in Binet C and about 70% in Rai III-IV). Four cases were CD5-negative CLL. Based on NCI-WG96 guideline, only 24 patients (63.2%) fulfilled all four criteria for CLL. Similarly, using the iwCLL 2018 flowcytometric criteria without biopsy data, 26 patients (68%) were diagnosed as CLL. However, if bone marrow biopsy in patient with cytopenia was taken into account, all patients (100%) can be confirmed as CLL. Conclusion: The iwCLL 2018 criteria which included bone marrow biopsy in the presence of cytopenia was more applicable to establish the diagnosis of CLL in Indonesia where flowcytometry is not available. Keywords: chronic lymphocytic leukemia, diagnosis, NCI-WG96 criteria, IWCLL 2018 criteria Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9056 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9053 Title: Antiviral Treatment in COVID-19 Outpatients: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials Authors: Setyo Budi, David; Oktavian, Puguh; Pudy Asmarawati, Tri Abstract: Background: Most COVID-19 patients have mild or moderate illnesses that can progress to severe illness, leading to hospitalization and/or mortality. The use of antivirals to prevent the progression of COVID-19 in nonhospitalized patients shows conflicting result and efficacy remain unclear. This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of antivirals therapy in COVID-19 outpatients. Methods: Search were conducted in Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, Springer, medRxiv, Journal Storage [JSTOR], and Directory of Open Access Journals [DOAJ] for articles investigating antivirals in COVID-19 outpatients. In addition, clinical and virological outcomes, COVID-19 hospitalization, all caused mortality, and adverse events were assessed. Results: Thirteen studies were included in this review. The consecutive data from these studies suggested that favipiravir is more optimally used in early disease, but improvement in symptoms shows inconsistent results. Meanwhile, molnupiravir shows consistent results, which can reduce hospitalization and mortality risk. In addition, remdesivir and nirmatrelvirritonavir have the potential to prevent the progression of COVID-19 in outpatients, but the data provided in this study are very limited. Finally, there is no significant difference in serious and non-serious adverse events, highlighting that antivirals have a good safety profile. Conclusion: This study provides an overview of the role of various antivirals therapy in COVID-19 outpatients. Molnupiravir, remdesivir, and nirmatrelvir-ritonavir have shown potential to prevent the progression of COVID-19 in early disease. However, this review was based on very limited data. Therefore, further clinical trials are needed to confirm this finding. Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-COV-2, antiviral, outpatients, systematic review Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9053 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z