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A Review on Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities of Nephelium Lappaceum L.

Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT

Title: A Review on Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities of Nephelium Lappaceum L. Authors: Nor Iffah Husna Wan Mustaffa, Wan; Hafizah W. Jusof, Wan Abstract: Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that occurs in the majority of people worldwide. The number of cases in many countries has been increasing year by year. In Malaysia, the statistics show that the number of diabetic case in 2019 was 3.6 million and expected to increase in 2025 by 7 million. This disease can develop as a result of oxidative stress production in the body. Nephelium lappaceum was claimed traditionally being used to treat diabetes mellitus. This research is conducted to review the available literature regarding the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of Nephelium lappaceum extracts and constituent that contributes to this activity. Methods: The studies included in this review have been selected using several databases including Google Scholar, Wiley Online Library, Science Direct and Pubmed. The keywords used in database search were “Nephelium lappaceum”, “antioxidant” and “antidiabetic” and covered the period from 2007 onwards. Results: This review revealed that Nephelium lappaceum extracts have good antioxidant and antidiabetic activities when tested using various methods. These activities are due to the presence of several phytoconstituents in the extract. Conclusions: In conclusion, Nephelium lappaceum possess antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. It has the potential to be developed as an antidiabetic and antioxidant agent which can be used to treat various oxidative stress-related diseases, including diabetes mellitus. Key words: Nephelium lappaceum L., Rambutan, Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, Phytoconstituents, Diabetes mellitus.

Chemical Composition and In Vitro Antiplasmodial Activity of the Total Alkaloids of the Bulbs of Two Amaryllidaceae Species from Northern Peru

Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Chemical Composition and In Vitro Antiplasmodial Activity of the Total Alkaloids of the Bulbs of Two Amaryllidaceae Species from Northern Peru Authors: Roxana Soto-Vásquez, Marilú Abstract: Introduction: The amaryllidaceae family is characterized by presenting alkaloids with powerful pharmacological activities, including antiprotozoal activity. The aim of the present work was to determine the chemical composition and evaluate the in vitro antiplasmodial activity of the total alkaloids of the bulbs of two amaryllidaceae species from northern Perú. Methods: The total alkaloids were extracted from the bulbs using an acid-base extraction. The chemical composition of the total alkaloids was determined by GC-MS, using galantamine as a reference standard. It was investigated the in vitro antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum FCR-3 strain (chloroquine-resistant). Results: 8 alkaloids were identified in the bulbs of Clinanthus incarnatus: lycorine, galanthamine, galanthine, vittatine/crinine, hippamine, 3-O-acetylpowelline, 11,12-dehydroanhydrolycorine, 1-O-acetyllycorine with values of 19.73; 14.99; 10.36; 10.22; 10.16; 10.14; 10.04; 9.85 μg GAL/100 mg of total alkaloid (TA) respectively and 6 alkaloids in the bulbs of Clinanthus ruber: lycorine, anhydrolycorine, 11,12-dehydroanhydrolycorine, 2,4-didehydro-2-dehydroxylycorine, 8-0-dimethylmaritidine, hippamine, with values of 70.2; 18; 4.15; 3.45; 6.8 and 0.1 μg GAL/100 mg TA respectively. The total alkaloids of the species of C. incarnatus and C. ruber at concentrations of 1.0; 2.5; 5.0; 10.0; 25.0 and 50.0 μg/ml presented inhibition percentages of 23.5 ± 0.46% to 94 ± 0.56% against P. falciparum with (p <0.05). They also presented IC50 0.375 μg/ml (C. incarnatus) and IC50 0.241 μg / ml (C. ruber). Conclusion: The main component of total alkaloids of the bulbs of two species was lycorine, in adittion, these species showed in vitro antiplasmoidal activity against Plasmodium falciparum FCR-3 strain at the doses tested. Key words: Clinanthus incarnatus, Clinanthus ruber, Plasmodium falciparum

Anti-Cancer Potential of Nggorang Leaves Extract (Salvia Occidentalis SW.) as a Protein P53 Supressor in T47D Cells

Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Anti-Cancer Potential of Nggorang Leaves Extract (Salvia Occidentalis SW.) as a Protein P53 Supressor in T47D Cells Authors: Teresia Rosmala Dewi, Sisilia; M. Sabir, M. Sabir; Rante Pakadang, Sesilia; Edi Kamal, Sainal; Sinala, Santi Abstract: Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women. The high incidence of breast cancer has led to the development of anticancer drugs that are more selective against cancer cells without damaging normal tissues. One of the alternatives in cancer treatment by looking for natural sources that can be developed, Nggorang leaves (Salvia occidentalis Sw.). This plant is found in Tenda Village, Langke Rembong District, Manggarai Regency, NTT Province, when the leaves are harvested for one year and are used as medicine. As a preventive, this leaf has been used for generations as an anticancer (7 leaves boiled with 200 ml of water to 100 ml and then drunk), for wounded breast cancer (crushed leaves and attached to the wound); stamina enhancer, cough, influenza, hemorrhoids, diarrhea, nosebleeds (Primary data, 2014). This study aims to prove the potential of EDG (Nggorang Leaves Extract) as an antiproliferative against Hela cancer cells and protein P53 suppressor. The method used is the Quasy experiment, because this study uses laboratory tests in sample testing. The results of the cytotoxic test of Nggorang Leaves Extract have the potential to be anti-proliferative against cancer cells T47D IC50 at 201 ppm and Nggorang Leaves Extract (EDG) has the potential to increase p53 gene suppression in T47D cancer cells by 94.13% at a concentration of 50 ppm. Key words: Anticancer, Nggorang Leaves Extract (Salvia occidentalis Sw), T47D, Protein P53

Azadirachta indica (Neem) Water Leaf Extract Inhibits Melanin Production and Tyrosinase Activity in B16F10 Melanoma Cells

Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Azadirachta indica (Neem) Water Leaf Extract Inhibits Melanin Production and Tyrosinase Activity in B16F10 Melanoma Cells Authors: Songtavisin, Thanitsara; Pratoomthai, Benjamart; Gangnonngiw, Warachin; Naowaboot, Jarinyaporn Abstract: Introduction: Abnormal melanin production can cause pigmentary disorder such as hyperpigmentation. Finding a potent medicinal plants that can prevent pigment disorder. Objective: This study was to investigate the potential of leaf extract from Azadirachta indica var siamensis valeton to inhibit melanin formation or melanogenesis. Materials and Methods: A.indica leaf extract was tested for phenolic and flavonoid content assay. Tests using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay were administered to determine the toxicity of A.indica leaf extract in B16F10 melanoma cells. Melanin content and tyrosinase activity assays were used to determine the potential for the inhibition of melanogenesis. Data was analyzed using SPSS. Results: It was found that A.indica leaf extract per gram has a total phenolic content of 28.73 ± 0.30 mg gallic acid equivalents and flavonoid of 12.48 ± 0.00 mg rutin equivalent. In addition, we found that these herbal extracts decreased the melanin content and intracellular tyrosinase activity in B16F10 melanoma cells without any toxicity. This study suggested that the melanin content and intracellular tyrosinase activity in B16F10 melanoma cells were decreased without any cytotoxicity by the A.indica leaf water extract. Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that A.indica leaf water extract inhibits melanin production through reducing tyrosinase activity. These results could be useful as a therapeutic treatment for skin hyperpigmentation disorders as well as an effective ingredient in whitening cosmetics. Key words: Azadirachta indica, Tyrosinase, Melanin, Melanogenesis, Hyperpigmentation