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Assessing the Neurotoxicological Effect of the Acute Paraquat Aerosols Exposure in Causing Parkinsonism on Mouse through Behavioral Assays

Fri, 09 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Assessing the Neurotoxicological Effect of the Acute Paraquat Aerosols Exposure in Causing Parkinsonism on Mouse through Behavioral Assays Authors: Adha Maulana, Sherlo; Nurul Kamilah, Santi; Muslim, Choirul; Ruyani, Aceng; Sri Astuti, , R. R. Abstract: Abstract Background: In the scientific community, there is no consensus that paraquat, a widely used herbicide, has a strong relationship with the occurrence of Parkinson’s disease. A reliable epidemiological explanation of how paraquat can induce parkinsonism is urgently needed because it relates to the agriculture community's potential public health problem. Objective: In this study, mice exposed to aerosols of paraquat solution were assessed by behavioral assays designed to observe whether mice exposed to paraquat aerosols develop cardinal symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, such as tremor-at-rest, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. Methods: To obtain the intended information, we carried out the observation on distal extremities, catalepsy test, wire suspension test, and swimming test consisting of the head position sub-test, the involvement of limbs sub-test, and the swimming direction test, respectively, to both the group of mice exposed to paraquat aerosols and the one which is not. Results: According to the result of the independent-samples t-test calculation on the data obtained from behavioral assays, a significant difference is shown only by the wire suspension test used to assess the development of forelimb rigidity and not the others. Conclusion: Therefore, this study showed that daily exposure for a week to paraquat aerosols insignificantly causes tremor-at-rest, bradykinesia, and postural instability in studied mice but dramatically affects their forelimb performance in the form of rigidity. Keywords: paraquat, Parkinson’s disease, parkinsonism, aerosol, behavioral assay

Knowledge and Perception on Overclaim against the Behaviors of Implementing the COVID-19 Prevention Protocol Communities in Indonesia

Fri, 09 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Knowledge and Perception on Overclaim against the Behaviors of Implementing the COVID-19 Prevention Protocol Communities in Indonesia Authors: Christina, Elsa; Setiawan, Didik; Ratna Juwita, Dina; Lianawati, Lianawati Abstract: Abstract Background: COVID-19 occurs in various countries and has been declared a pandemic by WHO. Multiple efforts have been made to reduce the number of cases of COVID-19. However, the incidence of COVID–19 continues to increase, along with control efforts carried out by various parties, causing overclaims for the prevention or treatment of COVID–19. Objective This study aimed to determine the relationship between knowledge and public perception of the behavior of implementing the COVID-19 prevention protocol in Central Java Province. Methods: This cross-sectional study used primary data collected online via WhatsApp, Telegram, Instagram, and Facebook in December 2020. A total of 1,098 of 1,115 respondents passed the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Backward Elimination is used to determine factors related to behavior in the multivariable model stage using multiple logistic regression. Results: The knowledge, perception, and behaviors prevalence of implementing COVID-19 prevention protocols were good & enough 79.1% (95% CI 76.63 – 81.45), 96.6% (95% CI 95.38 – 97.55), and 92.3% (95% CI 90.62 – 93.78) respectively. The result revealed that Knowledge (adjOR = 2.034, 95% CI 1.253 - 3.302, P = 0.004) and Perception (adjOR = 4.064, 95% CI 1.859 - 8.882, P = < 0.001) were possibly associated with behaviors of implementing COVID-19 prevention protocols among communities in Central Java Province. Conclusion This study found a slight prevalence of good & enough knowledge, perception, and behaviors of implementing COVID-19 prevention protocols in a representative sample among Communities in Central Java Province. Knowledge and perceptions were statistically significant with behaviors. Keywords: knowledge, perception, behaviors, COVID–19

Viability and Antibacterial Activity of Bifidobacterium bifidum in Fermented Robusta Coffee for Diarrhea Treatment

Fri, 09 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Viability and Antibacterial Activity of Bifidobacterium bifidum in Fermented Robusta Coffee for Diarrhea Treatment Authors: Miksusanti, Miksusanti; Fitria Apriani, Elsa; Nur Hidayat, Dimas Abstract: Abstract Background: Diarrhea can be treated with probiotic bacteria such as Bifidobacterium bifidum, which decreases the intestinal environment's pH to become acidic so that pathogenic bacteria cannot thrive. Objective: To make fermented coffee that can increase the number of probiotic bacteria Bifidobacterium bifidum and has antidiarrheal activity against pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli. Methods: Robusta coffee (20.25% and 19.75%) was fermented using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and then the probiotic bacteria Bifidobacterium bifidum was added. Unfermented coffee was compared with the same concentration (20.25% and 19.75%) to obtain four formulas. Organoleptic panelists tested all formulas to determine the best formula for fermented and non-fermented coffee. The number of Bifidobacterium bifidum and antibacterial activity was calculated on the optimum formulation using the Total Plate Count and Disc Diffusion Method. Result: The optimum formula obtained at fermented and unfermented coffee concentration was 20,25%. The number of probiotic bacteria Bifidobacterium bifidum growing in fermented and non-fermented coffee was 7.3 x 108 ± 32.4 and 3.1 x 108 ± 30.7 (p < 0.05). The diameter of the inhibition zone of the best fermented and non-fermented coffee was 11.5 ± 0.5 mm and 8.5 ± 0.5 mm, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Fermented coffee can increase the growth of the probiotic bacteria Bifidobacterium bifidum and has strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli bacteria. Keywords: Bifidobacterium bifidum, disc diffusion, Escherichia coli, fermented coffee, total plate count

Jelly Candy Hydroxyapatite from Mackerel Fish Bone

Fri, 09 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Jelly Candy Hydroxyapatite from Mackerel Fish Bone Authors: AnggresanI, Lia; Perawati, Santi; Afandi, Ryan; Rahmadevi, Rahmadevi Abstract: Abstract Background: Calcium is a mineral that is needed by bones and teeth. Calcium needs have not been achieved evenly among children, about 1000mg/day. Hydroxyapatite contains Ca and apatite which is good for the maintenance of bones and teeth. Hydroxyapatite is made from the bones of mackerel, where the bones of mackerel have a high source of calcium. For easy being consumed for children, the hydroxyapatite made in the form of jelly candy. Objective: The aim of this research was Hydroxyapatite Mackerel Fish Bone can be made as Jelly Candy. Methods: Hydroxyapatite from mackerel bones is made by the precipitation method. Then, hydroxyapatite was formulated into jelly candy with concentrations of hydroxyapatite was 18%, 19% and 20% respectively for Formula I, II and III. Jelly candy evaluation includes organoleptic test, gel strength, khamir and ALT ochre, weight uniformity, pH, hedonics, homogeneity and storage. Results: The evaluation showed that all jelly candy formulas are safe for consumption according to SNI 3547.2-2008. Conclusion: In conclusion, hydroxyapatite mackerel fish bone can be made as Jelly Candy with the best concentration in Formula 1. Keywords: calcium, hydroxyapatite, jelly candy, mackerel fish bone, precipitation