http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7347 Thu, 09 Apr 2026 07:27:21 GMT 2026-04-09T07:27:21Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7419 Title: HPLC Method Optimization for Simultaneous Determination of Quercetin, Luteolin, Sinensetin, and Stigmasterol in Herbal Medicines Authors: Imulda Hari Purwan, Asih; Primaharinastit, Riesta; Yuwono, Mochammad Abstract: Abstract Background: Quercetin, luteolin, sinensetin and stigmasterol each is the main marker compound in extracts of Sonchus arvensis, Plantago major, Orthosiphon stamineus, and Strobilanthes crispus, respectively. These extracts show nephrolithiasis activity. For quality control of herbal medicines, a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed in this study using quercetin, luteolin, sinensetin and stigmasterol as phytochemical markers. Objective: to show optimal conditions of analysis and evaluate the stability of quercetin, luteolin, sinensetin and stigmasterol. Methods: The optimal conditions for analysis were carried out by determining the composition of the mobile phase, the flow rate, and the detector's wavelength. Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 150 x 4.6 mm, 5 μm was used as the column. The stability test was done by analyzing the standard and samples stored at 4oC for 0, 3, 6 and 24 hours. Results: The best separation of the extract was achieved under isocratic conditions using a mixture of water: methanol: phosphoric acid: acetic acid : acetonitrile (50: 30: 0.05: 0.05: 20 v/v/v/ v/v) as mobile phase with detector wavelength of 352 nm, a mobile phase flow rate of 1 mL/min, and a sample injection volume of 10 μL. Conclusion: In this study, the optimal condition for analysis of quercetin, luteolin, sinensetin and stigmasterol. Quercetin, luteolin, sinensetin and stigmasterol were not stable during 6 hours storage, therefore, standard solutions and samples should be made fresh to maintain the stability. Keywords: HPLC, luteolin, quercetin, sinensetin, stigmasterol Tue, 26 Apr 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7419 2022-04-26T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7418 Title: Potential Drug–Drug Interactions in Ambulatory Patients with Hypertension: a Retrospective Study Authors: Debby Saraswati, Marcha; Muti Ardiana, Shafira; Suprapti2, , Budi; Assegaf, M. Yusuf; Suharjono, Suharjono; Fitri Hamidah, Khusnul Abstract: Abstract Background: Patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are vulnerable to experiencing drug-drug interactions (DDIs). DDIs are a concern among patients receiving multiple drug regimens but they are also an avoidable cause of adverse drug reactions. The study of potential DDIs (pDDIs) would make it easier for the healthcare provider to deliver better patient care and mitigate pDDIs incidence. Objective: This study aimed to assess the frequency, severity level and risk factors associated with pDDIs among medications used to treat hypertensive ambulatory patients in Universitas Airlangga hospital. Methods: A retrospective observational study was carried out from electronic prescriptions received by hypertensive patients in March 2021. Data collection includes demographic data, the profile of antihypertensive drug use, and pDDIs. pDDIs were identified by severity using Lexicomp Drug Interaction Checker (Application). Univariate logistic regression analysis was used to find associated factors of major pDDIs. A p-value less than 0.05 (≤ 0.05) was considered statistically significant. Results: From 704 patients, 53.98% women and 46.02% men, 89.06% (n = 627) patients had minor to major pDDIs; 1354 pDDIs were identified, 89.4% (n = 1,210) were moderate and 9.8% (n = 133) were major class. Multiple antihypertensive drug regimens had significance associated with the major pDDIs occurrence. Conclusion: We found a high prevalence of pDDIs among hypertensive patients. The majority of pDDIs were of moderate severity. Multiple antihypertensive drug regimens were associated factors in the presence of major pDDIs. Keywords: ambulatory patient, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, potential drug-drug interaction Tue, 26 Apr 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7418 2022-04-26T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7417 Title: Molecular Docking of Active Compound of Lavandula angustifolia Mill Essential Oil against N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) Receptor Authors: Risky Wahyu Lisnasari, Baiq; Setiya Budiatin2, , Aniek; Ardianto, Chrismawan; Khotib, Junaidi Abstract: Abstract Background: Lavender oil is widely known to possess a relaxant effect to relieve stress, anxiety, and depression. Linalyl acetate, linalool, geranyl acetate, and β-caryophyllene were the major constituents of lavender oil that potentially act on NMDAR (N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors), and emerging targets in the treatment of depression. Objective: This study aims to predict the binding of lavender compounds to NMDA receptors using an in silico model. Methods: The ligands of the docking study were four major chemical compounds of lavender oil, i.e., linalyl acetate, linalool, geranyl acetate, and β-caryophyllene. 5YE was defined as a native ligand, while memantine, an NMDAR antagonist, was used as a reference ligand. The NMDAR structure was taken from Protein Data Bank (ID 5H8Q), while the lavender compound was sketched in Chem3D. Autodock 4.2 was used to perform the docking analysis. Results: The result showed that beta-caryophyllene had the most potent interaction with NMDAR (free binding energy was -8.02 kcal/mol and inhibitory constant was 1.32 µM). Conclusion: The docking results suggest that beta-caryophyllene could be an NMDAR antagonist and be developed as a treatment for depression. Keywords: depression, lavender oil, molecular docking, NMDAR Tue, 26 Apr 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7417 2022-04-26T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7416 Title: Detection of Potentially Inappropriate Medication in Elderly Outpatient Based on The Beer’s Criteria 2019 Authors: Nurmainah, Nurmainah; Astuti, Rindu; Susanti, Ressi Abstract: Abstract Background: Elderly patients generally have more than one disease, so they need several drugs to treat the condition and Potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM). Objective: This study aimed to examine the inaccuracy of prescription drugs in the elderly using Beer's criteria 2019. Methods: The research method used an observational study with a descriptive cross-sectional design. Beer's Criteria 2019 was compiled by The American Geriatrics Society (AGS) and grouped PIM into five categories. A total of 138 prescriptions met the inclusion criteria at the Internal Medicine Clinic. Results: The results showed that the elderly who received the prescription was in the age range of 60-69 years (73.2%), male gender (54%), and had comorbidity (77.5%). Of the 138 prescriptions for elderly patients, 117 prescriptions for elderly patients experienced PIM incidence (84.78%). The percentage of PIM incidents was based on categories; namely, category 1 was 74.2%, category 2 was 3.5%, 3 was 16.7%, category 4 was 3%, and category 5 was 2.5%. Medicines that include PIM in category 1 are lansoprazole, glimepiride, glibenclamide, alprazolam, diazepam, amitriptyline, diclofenac sodium, ibuprofen, meloxicam. PIM in category 2 are cilostazol, pioglitazone, and diclofenac sodium. Category 3 PIMs include furosemide, spironolactone, and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT), category 4 PIMs include dexamethasone-sodium diclofenac, methylprednisolone-ibuprofen, and alprazolam-codeine, and category 5 PIMs include spironolactone, ciprofloxacin, and ranitidine.. Conclusion: This study concludes that the elderly are at risk for receiving inappropriate drug prescriptions. Patients received more drugs belonging to category 1 PIM than category 2, 3, 4, and 5. Keywords: elderly, beer’s criteria 2019, PIM Tue, 26 Apr 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7416 2022-04-26T00:00:00Z