http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/6723 Thu, 09 Apr 2026 05:11:03 GMT 2026-04-09T05:11:03Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/6945 Title: The role of gut microbiota, immune system, and autophagy in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches Authors: Garavaglia, Beatrice; Vallino, Letizia; Amoruso, Angela; Pane, Marco; Ferraresi, Alessandra; Isidoro, Ciro Abstract: The role of gut microbiota, immune system, and autophagy in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches Beatrice Garavaglia a,1, Letizia Vallino a,1, Angela Amoruso b, Marco Pane b, Alessandra Ferraresi a, Ciro Isidoro a,* a Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Universit`a del Piemonte Orientale, Via P. Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy b Probiotical Spa, via E. Mattei, 3, 28100, Novara, Italy A R T I C L E I N F O Handling Editor: Prof A Angelo Azzi Keywords: Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis immune system Autophagy Microbiota Probiotics A B S T R A C T The crosstalk between gut microbiota, intestinal epithelial cells, and innate and adaptive immune system governs the maintenance of the intestinal homeostasis. Any interference in this tight dialogue and in the processes preserving cellular homeostasis (e.g., autophagy) may dysregulate the immune response and impair the clearance of harmful bacteria favoring the dysbiotic alteration of the microbial flora that leads to chronic inflammation. Gut dysbiosis is strongly associated with gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders, among them the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This review discusses the current knowledge on IBD, from the genetic background of high-risk patients to the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease, the contribution of the microbial flora, and the role of autophagy in intestinal epithelia homeostasis. Further, we illustrate the state of art regarding the targeted-nutritional approaches aimed to restore the beneficial crosstalk between an “antiinflammatory” microbiota and the host. Analysis of the molecular pathogenesis of IBD will help identify genetic and diet-associated risk factors and thus suggest personalized strategies to prevent and manage the disease to improve quality of life with long-term maintenance of the remission phase. Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/6945 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/6942 Title: BCL-2 and BAX expression and germ cell apoptosis following the intervention of 1-isothiocyanato-4-methylsulfinylbutane in cisplatin-induced testicular toxicity and sperm DNA fragmentation in Sprague-Dawley rat Authors: Aderemi Adelakun, Sunday; Wasiu Akintunde, Olalekan; Ogunlade, Babatunde; Bala Peter, Akwu; Adewale Siyanbade, Jacob Abstract: BCL-2 and BAX expression and germ cell apoptosis following the intervention of 1-isothiocyanato-4-methylsulfinylbutane in cisplatin-induced testicular toxicity and sperm DNA fragmentation in Sprague-Dawley rat Sunday Aderemi Adelakun a,b,*, Olalekan Wasiu Akintunde b, Babatunde Ogunlade a, Akwu Bala Peter c, Jacob Adewale Siyanbade b a Department of Human Anatomy, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria b Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria c Department of Anatomy, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria A R T I C L E I N F O Handling Editor: Prof A Angelo Azzi Keywords: Isothiocyanates-4-methylsulfonyl butane Cisplatin Apoptosis Testosterone DNA fragmentation Infertility Male rats A B S T R A C T Cisplatin (CP) has been used in clinical oncology but causes spermatogenesis damage. Isothiocyanato-4- methylsulfonylbutane (SFN) is a potent dietary bioactive agent that has been extensively studied for its effects on disease prevention. This study focused on the intervention of SFN on Germ cell apoptosis in CP-induced testicular toxicity and sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF). A total of ninety (90) male and ninety (90) female rats (weighing, 150–200 g, 12–14 weeks old) were assigned randomly into nine groups of ten (n = 10) rats each. Group A received normal saline, group B received a single dose of 10 mg/kg CP (i.p.), group C received 50 mg/kg bwt of SFN, group D received 100 mg/kg bwt of SFN, group E received 10 mg/kg bwt CP and 50 mg/kg bwt of SFN, group F received 10 mg/kg bwt CP and 100 mg/kg bwt of SFN, group G received 10 mg/kg bwt CP and 50 mg/kg bwt vitamin C, group H received 50 mg/kg bwt of SFN and 10 mg/kg bwt CP, Group I received 100 mg/kg bwt of SFN and 10 mg/kg bwt CP. The procedure lasted for 56 days. At the end of each treatment, the 90 male rats were introduced to the 90 female rats on the proestrus at a ratio of 1:1 for fertility tests. Testicular histopathological, apoptotic marker, immunoreactivity, sperm parameters, and SDF were investigated. Cisplatin significantly decreases chromatin condensation/de-condensation levels, haploid germ cells, the number of fetuses, and BCL-2 expression. Also, CP increases SDF and BAX expression relative to control. Treatment with SFN increased BCL-2 expression, haploid germ cells, protected sperm chromatin condensation, improved microarchitecture of testes, and decreased SDF and BAX expression. Therefore, SFN protects against CP-induced apoptosis by controlling BCL-2 and BAX expression and ameliorates SDF. Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/6942 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/6937 Title: In silico approach for identification of potential tetracyclic triterpenoids from mushroom as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor Authors: Mazumder, Rishav; Choudhury, Deijy; Sarkar, Alekhya; Ghosh, Ashmita; Debnath, Sudhan; Debnath, Bimal; Ghosh, Rajat Abstract: In silico approach for identification of potential tetracyclic triterpenoids from mushroom as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor Rishav Mazumder a, Deijy Choudhury a, Alekhya Sarkar b, Ashmita Ghosh c, Sudhan Debnath d, Bimal Debnath b, Rajat Ghosh a,* a In Silico Drug Design Lab., Department of Pharmacy, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar, 799022, Tripura, India b Department of Forestry and Biodiversity, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar, 799022, Tripura, India c Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Techno India University Tripura, Maheshkhola, Anandanagar, Agartala, 799004, Tripura, India d Department of Chemistry, Netaji Subhash Mahavidyalaya, Udaipur, Tripura, 799114, India A R T I C L E I N F O Handling Editor: Prof A Angelo Azzi Keywords: Mushroom Triterpenoid HMG-CoA reductase Docking Simulation ADME A B S T R A C T Cardiovascular disease is estimated to be responsible for one-third of all global deaths annually. It occurs mostly due to hyperlipidemia, a condition where excessive cholesterol deposits in blood vessels. A favorable target for treating hyperlipidemia involves the crucial role of inhibition of a specific enzyme known as 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase). The primary goal of this present study is to identify potential HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors containing tetracyclic triterpene nucleus derived from mushrooms. A library of 86 myco-constituents bearing a tetracyclic triterpene scaffold was prepared and screened to identify potential HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors targeting proteins 1HW8 and 1HW9. For this purpose, molecular docking, ADME prediction, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies were performed on this in-house prepared database. The virtual screening results exhibited M_02(c) as the best hit with promising SP Glide scores compared to standard statin drugs. In order to assess the stability and interactions, a 100 ns MD simulation was performed. Further, M_02(c) was also analysed for MMGBSA binding energy to access and validate the thermodynamic stability of the protein-ligand complex. The results of this study revealed that M_02(c) is a promising hit molecule and may emerge as a potent HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor in preventing and treating hyperlipidemia. Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/6937 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/6930 Title: Patient-related factors drive high rates of reported antibiotic allergies: A qualitative study Authors: Berry, Renee; Herrmann, Susan; Lucas, Michaela Abstract: Patient-related factors drive high rates of reported antibiotic allergies: A qualitative study Renee Berry a, Susan Herrmann c, Michaela Lucas a,b,c,* a Department of Clinical Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia b Immunology Laboratory, PathWest, QEII Medical Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia c Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia A R T I C L E I N F O Handling Editor: Prof A Angelo Azzi Keywords: Antibiotic allergy Patient perspective Qualitative A B S T R A C T Background: Unnecessary antibiotic avoidance due to allergy fears has adverse cost and health implications however, the problem is difficult to resolve because patient and provider-related factors leading to avoidance are multifactorial. We use qualitative research methods to explore patient perspectives of antibiotic allergy and testing to reach the heart of the problem. Objective: To reveal factors leading patients to report antibiotic allergy, and determine what education is required to prevent the cycle of erroneous allergy reporting. Methods: The 29 patients were a sample of convenience recruited from a tertiary public hospital in Western Australia between March 2020 until August 2020; 18 were inpatients and 11 outpatients, with a median age of 64.2 years, and 15 (55%) were female. Semi-structured interviews assessed patients’ understanding and knowledge of three topics: (1) antibiotic allergy, (2) antibiotic allergy testing, and (3) outcomes of testing. Interview transcripts underwent thematic analysis by two researchers, independently. Results: Three main, overlapping themes emerged as influential across topics: (1) Severity of the Index Reaction, (2) Trust in family and health care providers, and (3) Health literacy. Patients were largely unaware of the benefits of confirmatory testing, and the detrimental health consequences of unnecessary avoidance. Patients displayed trust in health care providers’ expertise and assumed that medical records were accurate to prevent prescribing errors. Conclusions: The findings provide evidence for an effective patient education strategy and highlight failures among hospital and primary health providers to recognise the potential harm of unverified antibiotic allergy. Healthcare professionals are influential at multiple steps of a patient’s healthcare journey and addressing unconfirmed antibiotic allergy should be taken at each opportunity. Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/6930 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z