DSpace Collection: 215-362

Effect of FADS1 rs174556 Genotype on Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Status: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Effect of FADS1 rs174556 Genotype on Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Status: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Authors: Wu, Wen-Chieh; Wu, Pei-Yu; Chan, Chien-Yi; Lee, Ming-Fen; Huang, Chun-Yin Abstract: PUFA status is highly implicated in cognitive development and metabolic disorder-related diseases. Genetic variants of FADS genes encoding enzymes that catalyze the rate-limiting steps of PUFA biosynthesis appear to be associated with n-3 and n-6 PUFA contents. Therefore, we conducted the first systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the association of the A-allele carriers of the FADS1 rs174556 with PUFA status. The PRISMA guidelines were followed. The literature search was conducted up to November 2022 in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, Airiti Library, and CINAHL. The Joanna Briggs Institute checklists were used to assess the methodological quality. The correlation with 95% CIs was determined by a random-effect meta-analysis. Eleven studies that met the inclusion criteria and acceptable quality were included in this systematic review. The data on PUFA contents were collected when they were mainly analyzed using blood samples and breast milk. Results of the meta-analysis on eight studies (one randomized controlled trial, one cohort study, and six cross-sectional studies) showed that the A-allele carriers of rs174556 were significantly negatively correlated with the concentrations of AA (P ¼ 0.001), EPA (P ¼ 0.004), and DHA (P ¼ 0.025). However, ALA and LA were not associated with the A-allele carriers. To clarify the discrepancy, we further divided the studies into blood samples and breast milk subgroups. The subgroup analysis revealed that the A-allele carriers of rs174556 were significantly positively correlated with LA (P ¼ 0.031) and negatively correlated with AA (P ¼ 0.001), EPA (P ¼ 0.036), and DHA (P < 0.001) in the blood sample group, but not in the breast milk group. The current meta-analysis proved that the A-allele carriers of the FADS1 rs174556 appeared to be highly associated with lower concentrations of AA, EPA, and DHA but higher LA in the blood samples

The Effects of Food Advertisements on Food Intake and Neural Activity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Recent Experimental Studies

Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT

Title: The Effects of Food Advertisements on Food Intake and Neural Activity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Recent Experimental Studies Authors: Arrona-Cardoza, Pablo; Labonte, Katherine; Cisneros-Franco, Jose Miguel; Nielsen, Daiva E. Abstract: Food advertisements are ubiquitous in our daily environment. However, the relationships between exposure to food advertising and outcomes related to ingestive behavior require further investigation. The objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of behavioral and neural responses to food advertising in experimental studies. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for articles published from January 2014 to November 2021 using a search strategy following PRISMA guidelines. Experimental studies conducted with human participants were included. A random-effects inverse-variance meta-analysis was performed on standardized mean differences (SMD) of food intake (behavioral outcome) between the food advertisement and nonfood advertisement conditions of each study. Subgroup analyses were performed by age, BMI group, study design, and advertising media type. A seed-based d mapping meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies was performed to evaluate neural activity between experimental conditions. Nineteen articles were eligible for inclusion, 13 for food intake (n ¼ 1303) and 6 for neural activity (n ¼ 303). The pooled analysis of food intake revealed small, but statistically significant, effects of increased intake after viewing food advertising compared with the control condition among adults and children (adult SMD: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.28; P ¼ 0.01; I2 ¼ 0; 95% CI: 0, 95.0%; Children SMD: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.37; P < 0.0001; I2 ¼ 60.4%; 95% CI: 25.6%, 79.0%). The neuroimaging studies involved children only, and the pooled analysis corrected for multiple comparisons identified one significant cluster, the middle occipital gyrus, with increased activity after food advertising exposure compared with the control condition (peak coordinates: 30, -86, 12; z-value: 6.301, size: 226 voxels; P < 0.001). These findings suggest that acute exposure to food advertising increases food intake among children and adults and that the middle occipital gyrus is an implicated brain region among children.

A Scoping Review of Iodine and Fluoride in Pregnancy in Relation to Maternal Thyroid Function and Offspring Neurodevelopment

Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT

Title: A Scoping Review of Iodine and Fluoride in Pregnancy in Relation to Maternal Thyroid Function and Offspring Neurodevelopment Authors: Griebel-Thompson, Adrianne K.; Sands, Scott; Chollet-Hinton, Lynn; Christifano, Danielle; Sullivan, Debra K.; Hull, Holly; Carlson, Susan E. Abstract: Iodine (I), an essential nutrient, is important for thyroid function and therefore growth and development. Fluoride (F), also an essential nutrient, strengthens bones and teeth, and prevents childhood dental caries. Both severe and mild-to-moderate I deficiency and high F exposure during development are associated to decreased intelligence quotient with recent reports associating high levels of F exposure during pregnancy and infancy to low intelligence quotient. Both F and I are halogens, and it has been suggested that F may interfere with the role of I in thyroid function. We provide a scoping review of the literature on I and F exposure during pregnancy and their individual effects on thyroid function and offspring neurodevelopment. We first discuss I intake and status in pregnancy and the relationship to thyroid function and offspring neurodevelopment. We follow with the F in pregnancy and offspring neurodevelopment. We then review the interaction between I and F on thyroid function. We searched for, and found only one study that assessed both I and F in pregnancy. We conclude more studies are needed.

Dietary Patterns under the Influence of Rotational Shift Work Schedules: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Dietary Patterns under the Influence of Rotational Shift Work Schedules: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Authors: Clark, Angela B.; Coates, Alison M.; Davidson, Zoe E.; Bonham, Maxine P. Abstract: Workers employed in rotating shift schedules are at a higher metabolic risk compared with those in regular day and fixed shift schedules; however, the contribution of diet is unclear. This systematic review aimed to investigate how rotating shift work schedules affect dietary energy intake and dietary patterns compared with regular day and fixed shift schedules. In addition, intraperson energy intake and dietary pattern comparisons within rotating shift schedules were investigated. Database searches were conducted on MEDLINE, Cochrane, CINAHL, PSYCinfo, EMBASE, and Scopus, in addition to manual search of bibliographic references, to identify articles. Two separate meta-analyses compared dietary intake between day work and rotating shift work schedules and within the rotational shift work group (morning/day and night shifts). Differences in dietary patterns were synthesized narratively. Thirty-one studies (n ¼ 18,196 participants) were included in the review, and meta-analyses were conducted with 24-hour mean energy intake data from 18 (n ¼ 16,633 participants) and 7 (n ¼ 327 participants) studies, respectively. The average 24-hour energy intake of rotating shift workers was significantly higher than that of workers in regular daytime schedules [weighted mean difference (WMD): 264 kJ; 95% confidence interval (CI): 70, 458 kJ; P < 0.008; I2 ¼ 63%]. However, the mean difference in 24-hour energy intake between morning/day shifts compared with night shifts within rotational shift schedules was not statistically significant (WMD: 101 kJ; 95% CI: 651, 852 kJ; P ¼ 0.79; I2 ¼ 77%). Dietary patterns of rotating shift workers were different from those of day workers, showing irregular and more frequent meals, increased snacking/eating at night, consumption of fewer core foods, and more discretionary foods. This review highlights that dietary intake in rotational shift workers is potentially higher in calories and features different eating patterns as a consequence of rotating shift work schedules.