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Evaluation of Biochemical and Pathological Parameters at Different Doses of Cisplatin in Experimental Animal Model: Toxicological Study on an Antineoplastic Drug

Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Evaluation of Biochemical and Pathological Parameters at Different Doses of Cisplatin in Experimental Animal Model: Toxicological Study on an Antineoplastic Drug Authors: Sultana, Farhana; Mohibul Islam, Muhammed; Nurul Amin, Mohammad; Jahan, Nusrat; Kabir, Asma; Bin Emran, Talha; Chandra Sutradhar, Bibek; Banik, Sujan Abstract: Evaluation of Biochemical and Pathological Parameters at Different Doses of Cisplatin in Experimental Animal Model: Toxicological Study on an Antineoplastic Drug Farhana Sultana1,2,3, Muhammed Mohibul Islam2, Mohammad Nurul Amin1,2,3, Nusrat Jahan2, Asma Kabir1,3, Talha Bin Emran4, Bibek Chandra Sutradhar5, Sujan Banik2* 1Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh 2Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3815, Bangladesh 3Pratyasha Health Biomedical Research Center, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh 4Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh 5Department of Medicine and Surgery, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Science University, Chittagong 4225, Bangladesh Abstract Background: This study aimed to assess the effect of cisplatin-induced toxicities on biochemical and pathological parameters such as body, liver, and kidney weights, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and blood cells (RBCs and WBCs) in white Swiss albino mice. Methods: Cisplatin’s potential toxic effects on body, liver, and kidney weights were evaluated using standard laboratory methods. Blood biochemical levels such as BUN, creatinine, and ALT levels were determined by an auto-hemolyzer using commercial diagnostic kits. Blood cells (RBCs and WBCs) were counted under a microscope by a hemocytometer. Results: Cisplatin’s potential toxic effects on body, liver, and kidney weights were evaluated using standard laboratory methods. Blood biochemical levels such as BUN, creatinine, and ALT levels were determined by an auto-hemolyzer using commercial diagnostic kits. Blood cells (RBCs and WBCs) were counted under a microscope by a hemocytometer. Conclusions: This study suggested to increase caution when using cisplatin, particularly at high doses. Further investigation shall be performed to minimize its toxic effect and optimize its use. Keywords: alanine aminotransferase, biochemical parameters, blood urea nitrogen, cisplatin, mice

Comparison of the Accuracies of CBCT, Radiography, and Four Electronic Apex Locators in Working Length Determination

Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Comparison of the Accuracies of CBCT, Radiography, and Four Electronic Apex Locators in Working Length Determination Authors: Yeniçeri Özata, Merve; Falakaloğlu, Seda; Kaya, Sadullah Abstract: Comparison of the Accuracies of CBCT, Radiography, and Four Electronic Apex Locators in Working Length Determination Merve Yeniçeri Özata1*, Seda Falakaloğlu2, Sadullah Kaya1 1Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Dicle University, Diyarbakır 21280, Turkey 2Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar 03200, Turkey Abstract Background: One of the significant stages during endodontic procedures is determining the correct working length (WL). This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of four electronic apex locators (EALs) (Root ZX mini, Raypex 6, Propex Pixi, and E-Pex Pro) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and radiographic measurement in determining the actual WL (A-WL). Methods: Thirty extracted single-root mandibular premolars were selected and flattened at the crown. The WL was determined by advancing the #15 K file until its tip was visible from the apical, and the A-WL was established by subtracting 0.5 mm from this length. The WL was also determined using periapical radiography, four EALs, and CBCT. The differences in all measurements were compared with the A-WL. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (Welch) and Tamhane’s test. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: Compared with other measurement methods, CBCT gave shorter values than the A-WL, and this finding was statistically significant compared with those of the PR and Propex Pixi groups (p = 0.009) (p = 0.024). No significant difference was observed between the other groups (p > 0.05) except the CBCT group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Root ZX mini and Raypex 6 made measurements close to the A-WL. Keywords: apex locator, CBCT, periapical radiography, working length

Exercise Motivations, Barriers, and Preferences of Tahfiz Students: A Qualitative Study

Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Exercise Motivations, Barriers, and Preferences of Tahfiz Students: A Qualitative Study Authors: Wahida Ibrahim, Farah; Fitri Mat Ludin, Arimi; Aqilah Marzuki, Nur; Ishak, Ismarulyusda; Sham Othman, Mohd; Malia Abd Warif, Nor; Zaharen Md. Zahir, Mohd; Toriq Yaacob, Muhammad Abstract: Exercise Motivations, Barriers, and Preferences of Tahfiz Students: A Qualitative Study Farah Wahida Ibrahim1,2, Arimi Fitri Mat Ludin1,3*, Nur Aqilah Marzuki1, Ismarulyusda Ishak1,2, Mohd Sham Othman2, Nor Malia Abd Warif1,2, Mohd Zaharen Md. Zahir4, Muhammad Toriq Yaacob5 1Biomedical Science Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia 2Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia 3Center for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia 4Counselling Unit, Darul Quran, Department of Islamic Development Malaysia (JAKIM), Kuala Kubu Bharu 44000, Malaysia 5Research Unit, Darul Quran, Department of Islamic Development Malaysia (JAKIM), Kuala Kubu Bharu 44000, Malaysia Abstract Background: In Malaysia, the increasing prevalence of physical inactivity is alarming. The effects of adopting a sedentary lifestyle have led to health problems such as coronary heart disease and type II diabetes mellitus, as well as increased mortality rates. Young adults, including tahfiz students, tend to be physically inactive due to much time spent sitting during lectures or studying. Therefore, an active lifestyle must be encouraged. This study aims to identify the factors that influence tahfiz students to exercise. Methods: Data from 12 male and 19 female students were collected through in-depth interviews, which were recorded and transcribed into text then subjected to thematic analysis. Results: Results show that the main motivations to exercise were body health and fitness, self-appearance, and sense of togetherness. The main themes for barriers were aversion to exercise time and commitment. In general, respondents preferred a moderate, 10–30 minute group sessions for 3–5 times per week. Conclusions: This study revealed five themes for motivations (body health and fitness, psychological wellbeing, appearance, physical support, and enforcement), and six themes for barriers to exercise (aversion to exercise, time, commitment, discomfort, no motivation, and the environment). These factors could be considered in exercise module development to improve students’ engagement. Keywords: barriers, exercise, motivation, preferences, students

Exploring the Experience of Stigma among People Living with HIV in Bali, Indonesia: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study

Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Exploring the Experience of Stigma among People Living with HIV in Bali, Indonesia: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study Authors: Hidayat, Jufri; Huang, Xuan-Yi; Lin, Hung-Ru; Wei, Shiow-Jing; Chen, Miao-Yen; Pranata, Satriya Abstract: Exploring the Experience of Stigma among People Living with HIV in Bali, Indonesia: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study Jufri Hidayat , Satriya Pranata 1 , Xuan-Yi Huang 1 , Hung-Ru Lin 1 , Shiow-Jing Wei 1 , Miao-Yen Chen 1* 2 1 School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei City 11219, Taiwan 2 Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Semarang 50273, Indonesia Abs tra c t Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related stigma continues to be a serious problem for people living with HIV (PLWH). This study aimed to explore stigma experience among PLWH in Bali, Indonesia. Methods: This research was a qualitative descriptive phenomenological study. With the help of a local clinician–researcher and the staff of the United Nations Program on AIDS Commission, Bali, 10 participants were recruited by purposive sampling and participated in semi-structured interviews via WhatsApp online audio from April to December 2021. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s process. Results: The following three themes emerged: (1) experiencing discrimination, (2) getting stronger through stigma experiences, and (3) receiving support. Interviews revealed that PLWH in Bali experience stigma and discrimination across settings, including communities, families, friends, employers, and health care. Some participants could turn the pressure of stigma into a source of strength, making them psychologically and mentally strong. This phenomenon mostly happened when the patients had positive attitudes toward illness and good coping mechanisms. Conclusions: This study showed the importance of support from family, friends, and organizations in surviving stigma. For PLWH, having a sense of self-support and resilience and adaptive mechanisms also help ease the negative effects of stigma and discrimination. K e ywo rds : AIDS, discrimination, HIV, qualitative research, social support, social stigma